The analysis of soil processing technologies for sowing melons was carried out. When performing technological operations for sowing melons, it is necessary to perform basic and pre-sowing treatment of soil, as well as open irrigation furrows. Carrying out such operations is associated with high energy costs and multiple passes of units across the field. It is proposed to carry out strip processing of the soil for sowing melons. For its implementation, the design of a combined tillage system is proposed, which performs plowing, pre-sowing treatment and formation of irrigation furrows in one pass. When performing basic soil treatment, the plow working bodies of the front plow are used for smooth plowing, which ensures the turnover of the soil layer in its own furrow. The plow bodies of a two-body plow are installed along the axis of symmetry of the gun according to the Lister scheme. At the same time, not a complete turnover of soil layers is provided. They are simultaneously stacked in such a way that when the gun passes at their junction, an irrigation furrow is formed. Behind the plow cases, a ripping and leveling device is installed for strip pre-sowing treatment of the soil in the sowing zone. As such a working body, rotary working bodies with spherical knife elements are used, behind which a slatted roller is located. Using a combined tillage unit can reduce labor costs by up to 25 %, energy consumption for the process of preparing the soil by up to 50 %, and reduce the time of work, soil compaction and preserve moisture in the soil layer.

The analysis of soil cultivation technologies for sowing melon crops was carried out. The design of a combined soil tillage tool capable of plowing, pre-sowing treatment and formation of irrigation furrows in one pass was substantiated. The main tillage is recommended to be done by front plow tools for smooth plowing. Plow bodies of two bottom plows should be mounted along the symmetry axis of the implement according to the lister scheme, which allows not to carry out a full rotation of soil layers and provides automatic formation of irrigation furrow. A loosening and leveling device for strip pre-sowing soil tillage in the sowing zone has been developed. The use of a combined soil tillage tool can reduce labor costs up to 25%, energy consumption for soil preparation up to 50%, reduce the duration of work, reduce soil compaction and retain moisture in the soil layer.

Subsoils are widely used on tillage and combination machines. The tiller of the combined machine for preparing the soil for sowing melons and gourds carries out strip loosening of the subsoil layers. The study aims to theoretically determine the traction resistance of a soil deepener of a combined machine for preparing the soil for sowing melons and gourds. The study uses the basic provisions of mathematics, theoretical mechanics, and agricultural mechanics. In studies, it is assumed that the destruction of the soil under the influence of the drill bit occurs by separation. The total traction resistance of the subsoiler was determined as the sum of the resistance of the rack and the bit. An analytical expression has been obtained to determine the traction resistance of a tilting machine with an inclined stand, depending on its design, technological parameters, and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. As a result of theoretical studies, it was found that the traction resistance of the soil deepener is mainly influenced by its design parameters, the depth of soil cultivation, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, and the speed of the machine.

A comparative analysis of existing technologies for the cultivation of melons and gourds, which made it possible to identify their advantages and disadvantages, has been carried out. As a tool for the primary cultivation, a frontal plow is proposed, which is designed for smooth plowing and ensuring the rotation of the soil layer directly in its own furrow.

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