The most important link in the system of measures to ensure a high culture of agriculture and obtaining high yields of melons and gourds is tillage. Success in the cultivation of melons and gourds largely depends on the period and quality of tillage, and tillage depends on the methods of its implementation and the perfection of machine design. The aim of the study is to justify the optimal design of the energy-resource-saving combined machine for preparing the soil for sowing of melons and gourds, and the parameters of its carcasses based on the theory of the interaction of carcasses with the soil layer. The paper proposed a new technology for preparing the soil for sowing melons and gourds in a single pass of the unit, including loosening the aisle between adjacent planting zones, simultaneous formation of irrigation furrow by turning the layers of the planting zone relative to each other, strip loosening the subsurface soil layers and preparing the soil for sowing seeds along the sowing line. The paper presents the design of the developed combined machine for the implementation of the proposed technology. The types and mutual arrangement of the working parts of the machine are theoretically justified. It has been established that with a longitudinal distance from the toe of the plowshare of the combination unit to a flat-cutter 35.1 cm, a longitudinal distance between flat-cutters 42.3 cm and a minimum longitudinal distance between the support wheel and a flat-cutter 24.1 cm, the field is prepared for sowing of melons with minimal costs energy.

The combined machine allows qualitatively preparing the soil for sowing melon crops with minimum energy consumption. The efficiency of the combined machine depends on the type, location of the tiller relative to the body, and its parameters. The purpose of the study is to justify the type and parameters of the tiller combination machine to prepare the soil for sowing melon crops. In researches methods of classical mechanics are applied. The construction of the combined machine with soil cultivators is given. Based on the theory of soil destruction wedge determined the main parameters of the soil tinker. Experimental research of different types of soil cultivators is carried out. it is established that at the performance of soil cultivator of the combined unit in the form of a three-sided wedge with an inclined stand, the minimum longitudinal distance from a ploughshare of the case to soil cultivator is 52.7 cm, transverse distance from the field cut of the hull to the tiller bit is 15 cm, width and length of the tiller bit is 5 and 14 cm respectively, cutting angle of the bit is 18 degrees, quality crushing of sub-powder soil layers with minimum energy consumption is provided.

Subsoils are widely used on tillage and combination machines. The tiller of the combined machine for preparing the soil for sowing melons and gourds carries out strip loosening of the subsoil layers. The study aims to theoretically determine the traction resistance of a soil deepener of a combined machine for preparing the soil for sowing melons and gourds. The study uses the basic provisions of mathematics, theoretical mechanics, and agricultural mechanics. In studies, it is assumed that the destruction of the soil under the influence of the drill bit occurs by separation. The total traction resistance of the subsoiler was determined as the sum of the resistance of the rack and the bit. An analytical expression has been obtained to determine the traction resistance of a tilting machine with an inclined stand, depending on its design, technological parameters, and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. As a result of theoretical studies, it was found that the traction resistance of the soil deepener is mainly influenced by its design parameters, the depth of soil cultivation, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, and the speed of the machine.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the method and design scheme of a combined machine for preparing the soil and sowing melons. The authors propose a new method of soil preparation and sowing, as well as a machine for its implementation. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The method of preparing the soil and planting gourds provides a combination of the following technological processes: the turnover of the layers of the upper layer of soil, the sowing area to the left and to the right, shallow tilling the soil of the field with the left and right sides of the sowing area, deep tillage seeding areas with simultaneous formation of irrigation furrows and the local application of fertilizers, soil preparation for sowing in line sowing and sowing seeds of melons. The machine consists of lister housings installed along the axis of symmetry of the unit, flat cutters, parallel-type deep-diggers, furrowers, coulters for fertilizing, and a sowing device. It was found that preparation of soil for sowing and planting of melons with a minimum expenditure of energy is provided by the width of Lusternik buildings 86 cm, the width of tillers and cultivators, respectively, 45 and 33 cm, the longitudinal distance between the body and the plane of 35 cm between the cultivators of 42.3 cm, and longitudinal spacing of the chisel cultivator and sowing device 110 cm.

The technologies used to prepare the soil for sowing potatoes on ridges, consisting of numerous soil preparation operations, lead to loss of moisture, prolonging the sowing period and increasing operating costs. The aim of the research is to develop a machine for processing and preparing the soil for sowing potatoes on ridges. The authors have developed a technology for preparing fields for sowing potatoes on ridges and a machine for its implementation. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. On the basis of multifactorial experiments, the following parameters are justified: the angle of inclination of the ploughshare blade in the range of 6-70, the height and length of the guiding knife in the range of 94-110 mm and 107.2-136 mm, respectively. The main parameters of the working bodies of the machine and its technical characteristics are given. The results of the tests have established that the proposed machine for preparing the soil for sowing on the ridges reliably performs the specified technological process and its performance indicators fully meet the requirements. The use of the machine provides a reduction in operating costs for processing 1 hectare of area in comparison with the technical means used by 33.8 %.