The analysis of soil processing technologies for sowing melons was carried out. When performing technological operations for sowing melons, it is necessary to perform basic and pre-sowing treatment of soil, as well as open irrigation furrows. Carrying out such operations is associated with high energy costs and multiple passes of units across the field. It is proposed to carry out strip processing of the soil for sowing melons. For its implementation, the design of a combined tillage system is proposed, which performs plowing, pre-sowing treatment and formation of irrigation furrows in one pass. When performing basic soil treatment, the plow working bodies of the front plow are used for smooth plowing, which ensures the turnover of the soil layer in its own furrow. The plow bodies of a two-body plow are installed along the axis of symmetry of the gun according to the Lister scheme. At the same time, not a complete turnover of soil layers is provided. They are simultaneously stacked in such a way that when the gun passes at their junction, an irrigation furrow is formed. Behind the plow cases, a ripping and leveling device is installed for strip pre-sowing treatment of the soil in the sowing zone. As such a working body, rotary working bodies with spherical knife elements are used, behind which a slatted roller is located. Using a combined tillage unit can reduce labor costs by up to 25 %, energy consumption for the process of preparing the soil by up to 50 %, and reduce the time of work, soil compaction and preserve moisture in the soil layer.

At present one of the leading places in the world is the development and mastering the production can simultaneously strip tillage and formation of irrigation throws and their use in the sowing of cucurbitaceous crops. The aim parameters the lister body combined strip-till of cucurbitaceous. Methods of classical mechanics have been applied in the research. In the process of research, the degree of layer turnover and soil crumbling by the lister body were determined, a special laboratory unit and strain gauge methods were used. Constructive the preparation fields from under cereals for strip sowing of gourds is the scheme with the lister body, ripper, right- and left-turning extreme bodies and furrow former located along the axis of symmetry. According to the results of theoretical studies, analytical dependences and mathematical models, allowing to determine the width of the lister body, the height of its blade, the size of the layer processed by the body, were obtained. Theoretical and experimental researches show that to provide the width of lister body should be 46 cm and its height 45.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the method and design scheme of a combined machine for preparing the soil and sowing melons. The authors propose a new method of soil preparation and sowing, as well as a machine for its implementation. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The method of preparing the soil and planting gourds provides a combination of the following technological processes: the turnover of the layers of the upper layer of soil, the sowing area to the left and to the right, shallow tilling the soil of the field with the left and right sides of the sowing area, deep tillage seeding areas with simultaneous formation of irrigation furrows and the local application of fertilizers, soil preparation for sowing in line sowing and sowing seeds of melons. The machine consists of lister housings installed along the axis of symmetry of the unit, flat cutters, parallel-type deep-diggers, furrowers, coulters for fertilizing, and a sowing device. It was found that preparation of soil for sowing and planting of melons with a minimum expenditure of energy is provided by the width of Lusternik buildings 86 cm, the width of tillers and cultivators, respectively, 45 and 33 cm, the longitudinal distance between the body and the plane of 35 cm between the cultivators of 42.3 cm, and longitudinal spacing of the chisel cultivator and sowing device 110 cm.

Subsoils are widely used on tillage and combination machines. The tiller of the combined machine for preparing the soil for sowing melons and gourds carries out strip loosening of the subsoil layers. The study aims to theoretically determine the traction resistance of a soil deepener of a combined machine for preparing the soil for sowing melons and gourds. The study uses the basic provisions of mathematics, theoretical mechanics, and agricultural mechanics. In studies, it is assumed that the destruction of the soil under the influence of the drill bit occurs by separation. The total traction resistance of the subsoiler was determined as the sum of the resistance of the rack and the bit. An analytical expression has been obtained to determine the traction resistance of a tilting machine with an inclined stand, depending on its design, technological parameters, and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. As a result of theoretical studies, it was found that the traction resistance of the soil deepener is mainly influenced by its design parameters, the depth of soil cultivation, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, and the speed of the machine.

The paper discusses parameters of the loosening paw tool to prepare the soil the strip sowing of melons. Scheme of mutual arrangement of the paired housing and the ripper is given. Formulas were obtained for determining the depth of tillage, the width of the ripper and the degree of loosening of the soil, as well as the longitudinal distance between the body and the ripper. The experiments were carried out using the methods of strain measurement and multifactorial experiment. Experiments have established that with an increase in the width of the ripper, the degree of soil crumbling first increases and then decreases according to the law of the convex parabola, and the traction resistance decreases according to the law of the concave parabola. It was determined that to prepare the soil for strip sowing with a minimum traction resistance, the width of the ripper should be in the range of 18.70-20.37 cm, and the longitudinal distance from the ripper to the leaf housing is 42.87-43.57 cm.