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The article deals with the specifics of the organisation of the educational process of underage criminals in Storozhishchensky corrective colony shelter of the Smolensk province in the late 19th – early 20th century from the perspective of the educational approach. The ideas of this approach had positive effect on the children who broke the law.

On the basis of inclusive education importance for children with disabilities and special educational needs, which contributes to the development of communication and socialization skills, as well as the development of tolerance among typically developing children, the aim of this work was to describe a resource classroom as a model for the effective organization of inclusive education in mainstream schools of the Russian Federation.  The article defines a resource classroom in Russian educational system. The authors determine legal and regulatory frameworks to establish such classrooms. This study presents the main methodological base of resource classrooms, the organization for the educational process and space according to the students needs. Based on the generalization for the experience of the resource classrooms in the regions of the Russian Federation, the interaction for all elements of this model is shown. The study confirms that positive learning outcomes, involvement and inclusion of children with disabilities and special educational needs in a mainstream school and society are the evidence for the effectiveness of resource classrooms. The described model makes inclusion in education comfortable and effective not only for students of the resource classroom, but also for typically developing children, parents and the teaching staff of a school.

The actuality of the problem raised in the article is due to the fact that at present social support for orphans is one of the key tasks of the country. The issue of preparing children from boarding schools for life in a rapidly changing society is quite urgent. In the current century, in the course of the pedagogical process in special boarding schools, orphans and children left without parental care develop their personality and prepare them for further independent life. In carrying out this training, the pedagogical teams actively return to the heritage of outstanding teachers of the past. Proceeding from this, the demand for creative, substantial and methodical potential of the soviet upbringing; the analysis of theoretical developments and applied methods of the socialization process of the child are of great importance. The aim of the study is to present in a holistic form, based on the materials of residential institutions for orphans in the late XX-early XXI century in the context of the ideas of Kondratenkov (1921-1992), the practical implementation of the process of preparing orphans and children left without parental care to independent life in society. The leading method in the study of this problem was the historical and pedagogical method, which allowed to identify the key ideas of one of the founders of the boarding school pedagogy Kondratenkov. In the article the authors revealed the main ideas of Kondratenkov, used by teaching staff in boarding schools in the late XX-early XXI century by the organization of educational work with orphans. The authors also revealed the main methods, forms and means of education of orphans in boarding schools in the late XX-early XXI century. The materials presented in the article can be used in the development of teaching-methodical complexes, reading of lectures and special courses on pedagogy, history of pedagogy, writing of theses for course works and diploma works on the above topics.