The authors raise the issue of training criminologists in the CIS countries. The training of criminologists should be determined by the need for these specialists in public institutions and the state policy of crime counteraction. This policy is manifested through the development, implementation and support of national anti-crime programs in the sphere of crime counteraction. Such programs could be aimed directly at counteracting crime, or at minimizing its causes (economic, social, political and others). They draw attention to the fact that the volume of knowledge needed by specialists in criminology is determined by the inner contents of criminology as a science and by the trends of criminological research. The authors conclude that two main schools of criminology — Western and Eastern — prescribe different inner contents of criminology as a science in the legal and the sociological sense. This results in different approaches to training criminologists. It is stressed that both criminological schools recognize the necessity of studying criminal law disciplines. The task of the authors was to assess the need for a special training for criminologists and the quality of such training. In the CIS universities, the niche of criminology is covered by bachelor’s and master’s programs with criminal law specialization. There are no special criminology training programs. In other foreign countries, criminologists are trained at numerous bachelor’s and master’s programs, whose specialization is dictated by public demand. The programs are of applied nature.

Introduction: A new medical reform started in Ukraine from January 1, 2018, new bills were drafted and the current legislation was amended. The legislator began to gradually abandon organizational and legal ways to improve the functioning of medical institutions in order to develop the market of medical services, as well as to ensure the protection of patients’ rights. The main issue of health care reform was the improvement of state administration, in particular the creation of new mechanisms for financing medical institutions. The aim: The objective of the article is to conduct theoretical study of the specific features of state administration in the health care sphere in Ukraine and to substantiate practical recommendations for its improvement taking into account the European integration processes. Materials and methods: The author of the article has used the methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as a comparative legal method. The analysis of the current legislation and world experience in reforming the medical sector assisted to determine the problematic issues of this publication, as well as to formulate the author’s point of view on the ways to improve state administration through the health care system under conditions of medical reform in Ukraine. Review: The author has studied the directions for the modernization of state administration by the health care system in the context of medical reform in Ukraine. Conclusions: It has been emphasized that the management reform by its nature does not pay enough attention to ensuring the medical rights of citizens, as evidenced by the legislation’s provisions regulating the access to a patient data. Improving public administration of the health care sphere is possible through the involvement of a group of international experts from among the EU Member States to determine the optimal mechanism for transitioning to the system of compulsory state health insurance.

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The article investigates the lawfulness of the adoption and the consequences of the implementation of the Law of Ukraine "On State Financial Guarantees of Public Health Services". On the basis of the analysis of the norms of international law, the Constitution of Ukraine and the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the thesis about the unconstitutionality of this law is substantiated and the consequences of its implementation in the life of Ukrainian society are analyzed. The concepts of health care and medical services are compared. The negative consequences of the introduction of medical reform are analyzed. Proposed ways to solve the problem of passing laws that are unconstitutional and contradict the current legislation. Specific legal mechanisms of implementation of which will contribute to ensuring the constitutionality and legality of legislative activity are proposed. The main directions of violation of the Constitution of Ukraine of the introduced "medical reform", which was initiated by the Law of Ukraine "On State Financial Guarantees of Medical Services to the Population", have been identified. The thesis about the illegality and illegitimacy of this law is confirmed, justification of the unconstitutionality and contradiction of the provisions of this law is made by the decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. The conclusion was made about the necessity of termination of this Law and other normative acts adopted on its basis.

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