ODEs CTMC Kurtz a b s t r a c t PEPA and its semantics have recently been extended to model biological systems. In order to cope with massive quantities of processes (as is usually the case when considering biological reactions) the model is interpreted in terms of a small set of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) instead of a large state space continuous time Markov chain (CTMC). So far the relationship between these two semantics of PEPA had not been established. This is the goal of the present paper. After introducing a new extension of PEPA, denoted PEPA + Π , that allows models to capture both mass action law and bounded capacity law cooperations, the relationship between these two semantics is demonstrated. The result relies on Kurtz's Theorem that expresses that a set of ODEs can be, in some sense, considered as the limit of pure jump Markov processes.

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This is a large, two-part book with an even larger goal: To outline a practical approach to engineering software systems with general intelligence at the human level and ultimately beyond. Machines with flexible problem-solving ability, openended learning capability, creativity, and eventually their own kind of genius.Part 1 of the book (Volume 5 in the Atlantis Thinking Machines book series), reviews various critical conceptual issues related to the nature of intelligence and mind. It then sketches the broad outlines of a novel, integrative architecture for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) called CogPrime… and describes an approach for giving a young AGI system (CogPrime or otherwise) appropriate experience, so that it can develop its own smarts, creativity, and wisdom through its own experience. Along the way a formal theory of general intelligence is sketched, and a broad roadmap leading from here to human-level artificial intelligence. Hints are also given regarding how to eventually, potentially create machines advancing beyond human level-including some frankly futuristic speculations about strongly self-modifying AGI architectures with flexibility far exceeding that of the human brain.Part 2 of the book (Volume 6 in the Atlantis Thinking Machines book series), then digs far deeper into the details of CogPrime's multiple structures, processes, and functions, culminating in a general argument as to why we believe CogPrime will be able to achieve general intelligence at the level of the smartest humans (and potentially greater), and a detailed discussion of how a CogPrime-powered virtual agent or robot would handle some simple practical tasks such as social play with blocks in a preschool context. It first describes the CogPrime software architecture and knowledge representation in detail; then reviews the cognitive cycle via which CogPrime perceives and acts in the world and reflects on itself; and next turns to various forms of learning: procedural, declarative (e.g., inference), simulative, and integrative. Methods of enabling natural language functionality in CogPrime are then discussed; and then the volume concludes with a chapter summarizing the argument that CogPrime can lead to human-level (and eventually perhaps greater) AGI, and a chapter giving a thought experiment describing the internal dynamics via which a completed CogPrime system might solve the problem of obeying the request ''Build me something with blocks that I haven't seen before.''The chapters here are written to be read in linear order-and if consumed thus, they tell a coherent story about how to get from here to advanced AGI. v However, we suggest the impatient reader may wish to take a quick look at the final chapter of Part 2, after reading Chaps. 1-3 of Part 1. This final chapter gives a broad overview of why we think the CogPrime design will work, in a way that depends on the technical details of the previous chapters, but (we believe) not so sensitively as to be incomprehensible without them. This is admittedly an unusual sor...

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