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Background Numerous vaccination research experiments have been conducted on non-primate hosts to prevent or control HTLV-1 infection. Therefore, reviewing recent advancements for status assessment and strategic planning of future preventative actions to reduce HTLV-1 infection and its consequences would be essential. Methods MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched from each database's inception through March 27, 2022. All original articles focusing on developing an HTLV-1 vaccine candidate were included. Results A total of 47 studies were included. They used a variety of approaches to develop the HTLV-1 vaccine, including DNA-based, dendritic-cell-based, peptide/protein-based, and recombinant vaccinia virus approaches. The majority of the research that was included utilized Tax, Glycoprotein (GP), GAG, POL, REX, and HBZ as their main peptides in order to develop the vaccine. The immunization used in dendritic cell-based investigations, which were more recently published, was accomplished by an activated CD-8 T-cell response. Although there hasn't been much attention lately on this form of the vaccine, the initial attempts to develop an HTLV-1 immunization depended on recombinant vaccinia virus, and the majority of results seem positive and effective for this type of vaccine. Few studies were conducted on humans. Most of the studies were experimental studies using animal models. Adenovirus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), vaccinia, baculovirus, hepatitis B, measles, and pox were the most commonly used vectors. Conclusions This systematic review reported recent progression in the development of HTLV-1 vaccines to identify candidates with the most promising preventive and therapeutic effects.

Objective To synthesize the published citations to determine the association between glucose metabolism tests and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Method The electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for the original articles that evaluated the correlation between glucose metabolism tests including fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FI), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the rate of individuals with HOMA-IR  > 4.5, insulin resistance, fasting glucose/fasting insulin (FG/FI) and FG/FI  > 4.5.and recurrent pregnancy loss with a combination of proper keywords. Results The database search led to finding 390 articles. Detailed screening of titles and abstracts for potential eligibility was performed, and after excluding the duplicated and irrelevant citations, finally, 8 studies were selected to be included in this study, 7 observational studies and one controlled clinical trial. A significant difference in the amount of FI, HOMA-IR, the rate of HOMA-IR  > 4.5, the rate of individuals with insulin resistance, fasting glucose/fasting insulin (FG/FI), and the rate of FG/FI  > 4.5 were found among RPL patients compared to controls. There was no difference when comparing FBG between the groups. Conclusion This study indicates an important link between abnormal glucose metabolism tests and a history of recurrent pregnancy loss. These data may encourage clinicians to request glucose metabolism tests other than FBG in women with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Background ATLL (Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma) is an aggressive hematological malignancy. This T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is challenging to treat. There is no known treatment for ATLL as of yet. However, it is recommended to use Zidovudine and Interferon Alfa-based regimens (AZT/IFN), chemotherapy, and stem cell transplant. This study aims to review the outcome of patients with different subtypes of ATLL treated with Zidovudine and Interferon Alfa-based regimens. Methods A systematic search was carried out for articles evaluating outcomes of ATLL treatment by AZT/IFN agents on human subjects from January 1, 2004, until July 1, 2022. Researchers assessed all studies regarding the topic, followed by extracting the data. A random-effects model was used in the meta-analyses. Results We obtained fifteen articles on the AZT/IFN treatment of 1101 ATLL patients. The response rate of the AZT/IFN regimen yielded an OR of 67% [95% CI: 0.50; 0.80], a CR of 33% [95% CI: 0.24; 0.44], and a PR of 31% [95% CI: 0.24; 0.39] among individuals who received this regimen at any point during their treatment. Our subgroup analyses’ findings demonstrated that patients who received front-line and combined AZT/IFN therapy responded better than those who received AZT/IFN alone. It is significant to note that patients with indolent subtypes of disease had considerably higher response rates than individuals with aggressive disease. Conclusion IFN/AZT combined with chemotherapy regimens is an effective treatment for ATLL patients, and its use in the early stages of the disease may result in a greater response rate.