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Background: Helicobacter pylori is involved in many gastrodeudonal complications and many diagnostic tests are available for its identification. The present study was done with the objective to evaluate the morphological changes induced by H. pylori in the gastric mucosa and to correlate them with the severity of the infection.Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from July 2013 to June 2014. 60 patients with symptoms of dyspepsia and requiring an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were included in the study. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed on all patients. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining (H and E), modified Giemsa staining were performed on tissue sections and examined microscopically for gastritis and presence and absence of H. pylori.Results: Out of 60 patients, 33 were male and 27 were females. Serology by immunochromatography technique was positive in 41 patients. Serology was found to have a sensitivity and specificity of 90.90% and 59.25% respectively. H. pylori was positive in 28 cases on H and E. With a sensitivity and specificity of 84.84% and 100% respectively. H. pylori was positive in 33 cases on modified Giemsa with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%.Conclusions: Simultaneous morphologic and serological detection of H. pylori helps in its complete distribution and identification of its precancerous morphological nature.

Branchiogenic carcinoma, which is squamous cell carcinoma arising in a branchial cyst, is extremely rare and a highly contentious clinicopathologic entity. A 56-year-old male presented with a well-defined, fluctuant, painless mass on the right side of the neck which was excised with a diagnosis of branchial cyst. The pathological diagnosis was branchial cleft squamous cell carcinoma, which was characterized microscopically by a branchial cleft cyst with a tumour and a non-tumour transitional zone. The report highlights the controversy surrounding this entity and establishes the diagnosis based ona set of histopathologic criteria proposed by Martin et al. and later modified by Khafif et al.

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Background: Lymph node fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the first line investigation for evaluation of lymph node disease. Existing literature reports high degree of correlation between lymph node FNAC and histological examination. The aim of the present study is to re-evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in view of frequent discordance between FNAC and diagnosis on biopsy.Methods: Among a total of 495 lymph node FNACs and 291 biopsies, 69 adequate FNACs which were followed up with biopsy were evaluated with standard statistical methods for assessment of diagnostic accuracy.Results: The commonest diagnosis on biopsy was reactive lymph node (34.71%) followed by granulomatous disease (26.12%) and lymphoid neoplasms (20.96%). Reactive lymphadenitis and granulomatous disease were also the two commonest categories on FNAC (34.34% and 24.85% respectively). However, the sensitivity of FNAC in diagnosis of granulomatous disease was found to be 45.83%, which increases to 70.03% if necrosis is included as a marker of granulomatous disease. The greatest sensitivity was achieved in diagnosis of metastatic disease (88.89%), followed by lymphoid neoplasms (69.23%).Conclusions: FNAC is a useful tool for excluding specific categories of lymph node diseases, esp. metastatic disease. However, the technique needs improvement as to sample more representative areas of the node, to improve its sensitivity.