-We studied patients with cervical dystonia (CD) to determine clinical features and response to botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A). Patients were submitted to clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging evaluation. BoNT/A was injected locally in 81 patients using electromyographic guidance. Four patients who had had previous treatment were considered to be in remission. The average ages at onset of focal dystonia and segmental dystonia were greater than for generalized dystonia (p<0.0003). The severity of the abnormal head-neck movements were more severe among the patients with generalized dystonia (p<0.001). Pain in the cervical area was noted in 59 patients. It was not possible to determine the etiology of the disease in 62.3% of patients. Tardive dystonia was the most common secondary etiology. A major improvement in the motor symptoms of CD and pain was observed in patients following treatment with BoNT/A. The tardive dystonia subgroup did not respond to the treatment. Dysphagia was observed in 2.35% of the patients.Key WorDs: dystonia, cervical dystonia, botulinum toxin, dysphagia. Distonia cervical: aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos de 85 pacientesResumo -Para identificar os aspectos clínicos e a resposta a toxina botulínica A (TxBA), pacientes com distonia cervical (DC) foram submetidos a avaliação clínica, laboratorial e neuroimagem. o tratamento com TxBA foi aplicado a 81 pacientes guiado por eletroneuromiografia. Quatro pacientes, com tratamento prévio, foram considerados em remissão. A média de idade de início dos sintomas de pacientes com distonia focal e segmentar foi maior que a encontrada em pacientes com distonia generalizada (p<0,0003). A gravidade das alterações motoras cervicais foi maior entre os pacientes com distonia generalizada que nos pacientes com distonia focal (p<0,001). Graus diferentes de dor na região cervical foram relatados por 59 dos pacientes. Não foi possível determinar a etiologia da doença em 62,3% dos pacientes sendo distonia tardia a mais comum. Houve acentuada melhora dos sintomas motores e da dor da DC com a aplicação de TxBA. o subgrupo de pacientes com distonia tardia não respondeu ao tratamento. Disfagia ocorreu em 2,35% dos pacientes.PAlAvrAs-CHAve: distonia, distonia cervical, toxina botulínica, disfagia.

-We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) in the treatment of spasticity in 20 children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). All the patients received injections in the gastrocnemius and soleus, and 15 received injections in the adductors. The total dose varied from 70 to 140 U (99.75±16.26 U), or 7.45±2.06 U/kg per patient. The treatment improved the patients' walking and gait pattern significantly. There was also a significant alteration in the heel-ground distance and increased motion of the ankle joint. These structural changes in the feet were sustained until the end of the follow-up, although the same was not observed for the functional parameters. Three patients complained of weakness in the lower limbs. In conclusion, BoNT/A is safe and effective when used in a single session of injections and produces a sustained structural modification of the lower limbs. However, functional changes are temporary and are only observed during the peak effect of the drug.Key Words: cerebral palsy, botulinum toxin, spasticity. Toxina botulínica tipo A como tratamento para espasticidade de membros inferiores em crianças com paralisia cerebralResumo -Para avaliação da segurança e eficácia do tratamento com toxina botulínica A (TB-A) na espasticidade na paralisia cerebral (PC), foram selecionadas 20 crianças com a forma diplegia espástica. Todos os pacientes receberam injeções nos gastrocnêmios e sóleos, 15 receberam doses nos adutores da coxa. A dose total variou de 70 a 140 Us (99,75±16,26 U), 7,45±2,06 U/Kg por paciente. o tratamento com a TB-A melhorou significativamente a deambulação e o padrão de marcha. Houve também significativa alteração da distância tornozelo-solo e aumento da amplitude de movimento da articulação do tornozelo. essas mudanças estruturais dos pés se mantiveram até o final do acompanhamento. o mesmo não foi observado com parâmetros funcionais. Três pacientes apresentaram fraqueza em membros inferiores. Conclui-se que a TB-A, em uma única aplicação, é segura e eficaz. Há modificação sustentada da estrutura motora dos membros inferiores, porém mudanças funcionais são temporárias, durante o pico de ação do medicamento.PAlAvrAs-CHAve: paralisia cerebral, espasticidade, toxina botulínica.

Introduction Several recent reports have linked the use of dopamine agonists (DAs) to a variety of compulsive behaviors in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). These inappropriate behaviors may include pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, and hypersexuality. Aim To report the case of a patient with increased range of sexual behavior after use of pramipexole, a DA. Methods A 67-year-old man with a 7-year diagnosis of PD treated with levodopa and pramipexole presented with a dramatic change in sexual behavior after an increase in DA dose. Results The patient, who historically was a very shy and conservative person, started to present increased frequency of sexual intercourse with his wife, during which he began speaking obscenities with an extreme preference for anal intercourse, preferences never requested before. After pramipexole was withdrawn, complete remission was observed with return to his usual sexual behavior. Conclusions Hypersexuality and paraphilias are complications not uncommonly found in patients with PD under dopaminergic treatment. Further studies are needed for the understanding of this complex complication, and particularly the most prevalent relationship between pathological hypersexuality and use of DAs.

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