Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain an urgent issue in clinical pediatrics. Empirical selection of antibacterial therapy becomes more complicated, and antibacterial drug indication is not always clinically substantiated. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial susceptibility pattern of the main group of urinary tract infectious agents from 2009–2016 with intermediate results from 2020–2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, among children in the Chernivtsi region. Urine samples were collected from 3089 children (0–17 years old) treated at the health care institutions in the Chernivtsi region (2009–2016). The clinical-laboratory examination of 177 children (0–17 years old) was carried out from 2020 to 2021. The children received specialized medical care at the Department of Nephrology. Preliminary data of regional monitoring (2020–2021) are not considerably different from the previous regional susceptibility of antibiotics: to penicillin (p<0.01), ІІ-ІІІ generation cephalosporin (p<0.01); an increased resistance to levofloxacin (χ2=4,338; p<0.01), tetracycline – χ2=7,277; p<0.01; doxycycline – χ2=5,309; p<0.01) and imipenem – χ2=5,594; p<0.01). The data obtained did not explain an increased resistance to fluoroquinolones completely (ofloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin), except for levofloxacin (χ2=4,338; p<0.01). A reliable difference of susceptibility of tetracycline group was registered (tetracycline – χ2=7,277; p<0.01; doxycycline – χ2=5,309; p<0.01). Furthermore, there was a regional increase in some UTI-pathogen strains resistant to carbapenems (imipenem – χ2=5,594; p<0.01). The use of antibiotics from the group of penicillins and II-III generation cephalosporins as the starting antibacterial therapy for STIs during the COVID-19 pandemic should be justified. A regional increase (2020–2021) of some uropathogenic strains resistant to carbapenems administered to treat severe bacterial infections requires their exclusively designated purpose in everyday pediatric practical work.

Our study showed that in formula-fed babies, the use of mixture X (containing 2'-FL (2'-fucosyllactose) – a type of milk oligosaccharide, as well as carefully studied Bifidobacterium lactis, DHA, ARA, and nucleotides) as the main product for feeding could ensure children's body with all the necessary nutrients. Furthermore, it can minimize the progression of clinical signs of atopic dermatitis and reduce the use of drugs. In addition, there was an improvement in height and weight parameters, proportional development of the child (p<0.05), an increase in the number of erythrocytes (erythrocytes), hemoglobin (Hb), mean cell volume (MCV) (p<0.05), a decrease in the number of leukocytes (WBC) (p<0.05), and leveling of skin signs of atopic dermatitis (AD) (according to SCORAD a decrease from 32.8±5.5 to 16.1±2.2, p<0.05). Based on these results, it is possible to recommend using mixture (X) with a preventive and rational purpose as a product of artificial feeding of children with a hereditary predisposition to allergies.

Introduction. Social adaptation is an important part of adjustment of international students to training at educational establishments. Better academic achievements among international students are associated with the University membership and a high level of cross-cultural relations. All the components of social adaptation in the conditions of training during COVID-19 pandemic naturally have undergone substantial changes. It is also reflected on psychological state of students, since every country of residence introduced certain quarantine regulations at different times. Some of these regulations were rather strict including curfew and prohibition to leave the house. Under such conditions worries of parents concerning incidence of COVID-19 at home and the country of residence cannot be excluded, as well as intensification of nostalgia due to impossibility to cross the border and return home etc.Objective of our research was to study the main components forming social adaptation of international students in the conditions of quarantine caused by COVID-19.Materials and methods. Our study involved 220 junior students of the 1st-3rd years of training at Bukovinian State Medical University (BSMU). In order to obtain maximum objective and reliable results, the survey was anonymous and randomized involving every third student of a corresponding year of studies. The whole list of questions was arranged into one questionnaire. A student had to give a positive or negative answer. Social adaptation of international students was assessed by means of the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) developed by Robert W. Baker and Bohdan Siryk (1989, 1994) with the author’s changes and modifications. About 85% of students involved in the survey were from India, about 4% – from Ghana, the rest 11% of the students were from other countries of Asia, Europe, Africa and USA.Results. Under conditions of transfer to the distance learning under pandemic conditions due to COVID-19 the components of social adaptation of international students remain on rather high levels. Thus, the level of general social adaptation under the above conditions remained on the highest and high rates among 55% international learners of higher education, and the rate of social distancing and communication with other people was in 41,4% of foreigners. Nostalgia level was maximum among 55,5% of international students under quarantine conditions of studies, and the rates of social adaptation to the environment remained on the highest levels practically among 80% of respondents.At the same time, direct interrelations of a moderate and strong levels are found between general social adaptation and social distancing with other people, nostalgia, social adaptation to the environment, between social distancing with other people and nostalgia, social distancing and social adaptation to the environment, and between nostalgia and social adaptation to the environment.Conclusions. One of the important components for successful academic progress of international students is their social adaptation.At the same time, all the major components of social adaptation in the form of general social adaptation, social distancing and communication with other people, nostalgia and social adaptation to the environment remain on the highest or rather high levels among the prevailing majority of international applicants of higher medical education under conditions of new forms of training during pandemic caused by COVID-19.

Increasing requirements of medical aid given to children with infectious-inflammatory diseases of the urinary system stipulate the necessity to improve its quality using evidence-based therapeutic-diagnostic and organization technologies. The aim of the work – to substantiate, develop the improved model of the specialized nephrology care for children with infectious inflammatory diseases of the urinary system at the regional level. The official statistical data have been studied (2006 to 2017); information-analytical and statistical methods have been used. A bacteriological study (2009–2016) of urine samples was carried out for 3089 children (0–17 years old) in the Chernivtsi region. They formed the foundation for substantiation and development of an improved functional-organizational model of the system. In addition to the existing and functionally changed elements contains new elements: regional/inter-regional center of specialized medical aid to children with infectious-inflammatory diseases of the urinary system. Implementation of the elements of the suggested improved model in a part of a rational approach in distribution of functions concerning medical observation of patients at the stages of giving medical aid enabled to make the period of hospitalization of nephrological patients 11,40% shorter and an average period of treatment of patients with infectious-inflammatory diseases of the urinary system 2,93% shorter.