Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6 В статье представлены результаты психолингвистического исследования, целью которого было выявление влияния культуры и языка на содержание образов языкового сознания, связанных с социально значимыми понятиями. Материалом исследования послужили данные массового ассо-циативного эксперимента, проведенного в Республиках Татарстан и Саха (Якутия) с группами рес-пондентов: русских, якутов-билингвов и татар-билингвов. Общей теоретической основой исследова-ния является концепция языкового сознания, разрабатываемая в отечественной психолингвистике и связанная с такими понятиями, как «речевая деятельность», «сознание» и «культура». Языковое сознание понимается как отражение деятельности в ее обусловленности психическими (когнитив-ными) процессами и актуализация этих отношений в коммуникации. Методом получения данных стал свободный ассоциативный эксперимент с регистрацией первого ответа. Полученный материал представлен в виде модели «ассоциативный гештальт» по Ю.Н. Караулову, модифицированной в соответствии с целью исследования. В данной модели были выделены семантические зоны и суб-зоны, которые сравнивались далее в разных выборках. Результаты исследования показали, что в ассоциативном значении лексем-стимулов выявляются компоненты, очевидно обусловленные не только различиями структур национальных языков, но и различиями русской, якутской и татар-ской культур и взамовлиянием языков/культур в процессе взаимодействия народов в жизненно важных сферах деятельности.Ключевые слова: языковое сознание, психолингвистический эксперимент, ассоциативное значение, якуты, татары, русские ВВЕДЕНИЕВ современных условиях приобретает особую важность описание изменений, отражающихся в значениях языковых знаков, прежде всего слов. Индивидуальное сознание формируется через действия с предметами по правилам данной культуры

The relevance of the research is determined by the need to identify semantic shifts of ethically significant concepts and their semantic distortion in the minds of Russian language native speakers in order to create an up-to-date picture allowing to understand the level of spiritual and moral values and the preservation of the Russian mentality among modern youth. The purpose of the study is to trace the changes in the meanings of the dominant verbalizers of the ethical concepts Love, Mercy, Chastity, Virtue and to determine the impact of these changes on the linguistic and cultural consciousness of modern native speakers. The authors used comparative-historical method, E.M. Vereshchagin, V.G. Kostomarovs method of allocating semantic shares, questioning, cognitive interpretation, etc. The research was conducted on the material of explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language of different periods and the Church Slavonic language, associative dictionaries and data from sociolinguistic surveys. The article defines the ethical semantic shares of these concepts, establishes their connection with the Orthodox worldview. The ideas of modern students about the selected ethical concepts are studied, transformations in their understanding and evaluation are indicated.

* Исследование проведено при поддержке Российского государственного научного фонда грант № 15-04-00378а «Конфликтогенные зоны в языковом сознании русских, коми, якутов, татар и бурят: межъязыковые параллели» (рук. Н.В. Уфимцева).

The paper represents lingvo-cultural and semiotic description of the vocabulary, which introduces the everyday life of the poor characters of the F. Dostoevskys novels. In this case the procedure of the construction of text associative fields and the concept of idiogloss are used. Associative text fields are built, from one side, around the base concepts of daily activity - HOUSE/DWELLING; CLOTHING; FOOD; MONEY, DEBTS, LOAN; DISEASE, DEATH; WORK, BUSINESS; and idioglosses POVERTY; SHAME; FEAR; PRIDE, THE PINCHED PRIDE; GENTLENESS - on the other hand. These two measurements - semantic and pragmatic - make it possible to reconstruct on the texts of Dostoevsky the everyday world of poor characters, to reveal those specific idiosenses, which are concluded in the lexical items being investigated. Besides, the author hopes that such description can become additional material for the creation of the corresponding articles of the Dostoevskys Language Dictionary, which is making now in the V.V. Vinigradov Russian Language University (Russian Science Academy). At the V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language University University of Russian Science Academy in the sector of experimental lexicography under the guidance of Corresponding Member of the Russian Science Academy, Professor Y.N. Karaulov, work on creation of the F.M. Dostoevskys Language Dictionary has been conducted for many years. At the same time, collections of articles are published - The Word of Dostoevsky, viewed as a kind of extension of Dostoevskys Language Dictionary. The authors of the collection should implement the overall thrust of the research results as a guide - the solution of interpretational, hermeneutic tasks. Meanwhile it is also important to identify and describe the vocabulary that is significant for interpretation of Dostoevskys texts and idioglosses in particular, i.e. such lexical units that are important for understanding, for deciphering and interpreting of the meaning of his literary works, for characterizing his authors style (idiostyle), for recreating his picture of the world, his universal and national ideals .

The article is dedicated to the 85 anniversary of Yuri Nikolaevich Karaulov (1935-2016), a well-known Soviet and Russian linguist, Doctor of Philology, Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and winner of the USSR State prize (1991). The contribution of Yu.N. Karaulov to the development of philological education and modern linguistics is represented by the main directions of his multi-faceted research activities. Special attention is paid to the fundamental works of the scientist in the field of General and Russian linguistics, lexicology and lexicography, and applied linguistics. The article covers the results of applied research of Professor Yu.N. Karaulov, related to the main directions of its research activities: the theory of linguistic personality, cognitive linguistics and theory and practice of lexicography. Yu.N. Karaulov was the founder and head of the scientific school Russian language personality, the program of which United many research areas actively developed in modern linguistics.