Tiivistelmä. Artikkelissa tarkastelen, miten transitiivi-ilmausten käyttö kehittyy yläkouluikäisten suomi toisena kielenä -oppilaiden Eurooppalaisen viitekehyksen (2003) taitotasoille arvioiduissa kirjoitelmissa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää, miten nuoret kirjoittajat käyttävät yleistä ja monikäyttöistä ilmaustyyppiä, transitiivikonstruktiota, oppijansuomessa ja miten konstruktion toteutumat muuttuvat ja varioivat kielitaidon kehittyessä. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu Jyväskylän yliopiston Ce ing-hankkeessa 7.-9.-luokkalaisilta S2-oppilailta kerätyistä kirjoitelmista, joita analysoin transitiivi-ilmausten taajuuden ja tarkkuuden kannalta. Laadullisen tarkastelun lähtökohtana on käyttöpohjainen konstruktiokielioppi ja erityisesti se, millaisissa argumenttiympäris-töissä oppijat transitiivi-ilmauksia käyttävät. Tulosten mukaan transitiivi konstruktiota käytetään kirjoitelmissa melko tasaisesti eri taito tasoilla. Toteutumien määrä kuitenkin vaihtelee tehtävittäin: epämuodollisissa viesteissä ilmauksia on vähiten, mielipiteissä ja muodollisissa viesteissä taas selvästi enemmän. Ilmaukset tarkentuvat tasaisesti taitotasolta toiselle, ja 80 %:n tarkkuus saavutetaan B1-tasolla. A1-tasolla ilmaukset ovat argumenttirakenteeltaan usein vielä melko yksinkertaisia, mutta etenkin asettamis-, siirtä-mis-, antamis-ja ottamiskonstruktioita oppijat pyrkivät jo käyt-tämään. A2-tasolta eteenpäin argumenttirakennekonstruktioiden
The Finnish Government recently launched policies to meet labor shortage challenges, recruit highly skilled international workers. However, they overlook a skilled population already living in Finland, namely highly educated migrants. The problem is that migrants tend to be treated similarly, whether they are well-educated or not. This means that migrants are typically directed into low paying jobs. How is it possible to better develop this group with more effective career guidance? We believe an important answer lies in improved university education for migrants. This investigation is based on responses from surveys, interviews, and project evaluations. An analysis is made of three successful university-based short-term integration programs. The emerging questions include, to what extent are obstacles for migrants appropriately deliberated in universities? What can we learn from the three model programs? Should language learning be incorporated into advanced academic programs? The analysis includes how current practices constrain migrants’ access to university education. Even with positive intentions, the prevailing understanding of equality involves equal treatment for all, despite educational or other differences. In addition, simplistic understanding of language skills and learning appears to predominate how migrants are treated. Highly educated migrants face serious challenges when there is a disconnect between language training and one’s disciplinary studies. We surmise there are critical differences between general population language training programs and those situated within disciplinary departments. Analysis of the model programs reveals that a systematic and holistic approach for overcoming current challenges is possible but with an emphasis on sustainability.
This article focuses on the writing skills of L2 learners who have moved to Finland in their adulthood, and who have completed their degree prior to arrival, or are qualified for higher education. The learners aim to finish their interrupted degree studies or complement a prior degree. It is therefore important for them to acquire writing skills sufficient for academic purposes. This paper presents some results of the qualitative analysis of learners’ writing performances in a digital pilot test of the National Certificate of Proficiency examination. The focus is on the overall performance in the test, the use of impersonal constructions, and the ability to vary formal and informal registers according to task and situation. Even though the writing skills seem lower than expected, the writers are able to use the necessive zero person constructions idiomatically. The ability to distinguish between registers, however, is not yet systematic.
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