The article deals with modern social, transport and environmental problems of the largest city of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, which are identical for the largest cities in the world. Examples of leading countries in the active development of underground spaces are given. The data of the analysis of the current situation in the city of Almaty on the development of underground spaces of the city with the functional differentiation of real estate objects are presented. The balance of their localization by administrative districts of the city is given. The structure of the existing line of the Almaty metro and the possibilities of interrelation of its prospective development with the expansion of the functional diversity of the system of public spaces due to the active use and underground environment of the city are given.

The emotional component in the formation of a comfortable environment of urban space is considered. The influence of architectural and landscape means on improving the qualitative potential of the functional and spatial organization of the living environment of small towns is shown. Investigated eco-reconstruction, connection with the natural environment inside the city. The five main human sensory senses, their influence on the perception of the environment are considered. The sensation of the inhabitants of the rhythm of the urban environment, the perception of the compositional qualities of the space created by the architect through the combination of all sensory qualities is shown. The problem of de-urbanization and depressiveness of small single-industry towns of Kazakhstan is noted.