Piriformospora indica (Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycota) is a newly described cultivable endophyte that colonizes roots. Inoculation with the fungus and application of fungal culture filtrate promotes plant growth and biomass production. Due to its ease of culture, this fungus provides a model organism for the study of beneficial plant-microbe interactions and a new tool for improving plant production systems.

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Given the economic squeeze world over, search for what we call frugal grassroots innovations in Honey Bee Network, has become even more urgent and relevant in the recent years. And, to shape this search, models and concepts like open innovation, reverse innovation (GE, Market-Relevant Design: Making ECGs Available

Immuno-therapies are gaining more importance to treat certain forms of cancer. The goal of therapies is to enhance person's own IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE and macrophages to combat with neoplastic cells hence the effectiveness of the immune system. Since, early civilization mushrooms are considered as potent food as well as medicine. Mushrooms are well known for their bioactive compounds such as chizophyllan, lentinan, grifolan, PSP (polysaccharide-peptide complex) and PSK (polysaccharide-protein complex) which are considered as medicines against melignancy. They prevent oncogenesis by the direct effect on tumor metastasis and exhibits antitumor effects by the induction of immune response in host. Mushroom polysaccharides have promising future for treatment of cancers due to their mode of action and efficacy. Also there are some hurdles during this treatment, but it will start a new era of safer and effective medicine based on mushroom polysaccharides.

Piriformospora indica is a novel plant growth promoting root endophyte. Regenerated plantlets of tobacco subjected to two different biological hardening techniques showed 88-94% survival when inoculated with P. indica as compared to 62% survival of uninoculated controls under similar conditions. The tendency of the plantlet to overcome the stress in terms of revival capacity was maximal in the case of P. indica as compared to the control. The fungus has the potential to render protection to the micropropagated plantlets and help them escape the 'transient transplant shock'.