The objectives of the present study were (1) to develop a model of the causal relationships between the factors influencing the performance of green organizations (GPM) managing energy-saving buildings in Bangkok and vicinity and (2) to evaluate the consistency between the model constructs and empirical data. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. For the quantitative approach, a survey questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 456 representatives of green organizations managing energy-saving buildings in Bangkok and vicinity. As regards the qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted to validate the conceptual framework developed for this research. Then the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, including a structural equation analysis and a Chi-square test. The findings were as follows. First, environmental leadership and environmental innovations had a positive effect on the organizational culture of the green organizations. Also, the environmental management, environmental leadership, environmental innovations, and organizational culture of the green organizations exerted a positive impact on their competitive advantage. In addition, the organizational culture and competitive advantage of the green organizations wielded a positive influence on their performance. Finally, the constructs of the structural equation model were consistent with the empirical data at a satisfactory level with the 2 value of 453.977, the df value of 452, the 2/df of 1.004, the p-value of 0.465, the goodness of fit index (GFI) value of 0.946, the adjusted GFI, or AGFI, value of 0.925, and the root mean square error of estimation (RMSEA) value of 0.003.

The objective of this research was to analyze the potential of biogas production with co-digestion between food waste and cow dung. The experiment research was batched with small scale and scale up with semi-continuous, temperature was operated within 35 - 37 °C. The suitable condition for biogas production between food waste and cow dung was presented with 75:25 (T1). 55 mL of the biogas potential was obtained which is considered as small scale. Thus, the scale up was presented in 75:25 (T1) ratio. In term of scale up the biogas obtained from the production is 650 ml which is higher than small scale. The scale up reactor of biogas production was 100 liters. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced from 30,000 to 5,000 - 7,000 mL L-1. The efficiency of COD was obtained 76.67 - 83.3 %, respectively. In term of total solid, it was decreased from 19,000 to 16,500 mL L-1. Initial VFA was presented 4,000 mL L-1, and final was presented 3,800 mL L-1, respectively. However, the biogas production from food waste and cow dung can enhance the performance of municipal solid waste and alternative energy production. Finally, the finding of co-digestion in biogas production system suggested utilization in household and communities. HIGHLIGHTS Food waste is the major waste in household, and it has high potential for energy production Co-digestion in biogas production system that suggested utilization in household and communities The biogas production from food waste and cow dung can enhance the performance of municipal solid waste and alternative energy production GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate the properties of grease residue from grease trap waste water treatment and to determination the performance of candles from grease residues. Grease residue from grease trap wastewater treatment system at Canteen in Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University Under the Royal Patronage. Grease processing at the source such as houses and restaurants is unsuitable for common types of pollutants, which are relatively small. The average amount of grease residue from the grease trap was 200 grams / day. The average household was 2.6 kilograms per day. The results showed that the physical properties of stored grease for more than 2 weeks were gray, high viscosity and foul odor. For new grease, is yellow light, soft texture, and odorless. This study uses a new fat density of 1.002 g/mL, the moisture content 58.04%, and the heating value was 8148.63 kcal / kg. The physical properties of the candles are produced at an appropriate ratio of 3: 1 (paraffin: grease residue). In comparison with conventional candles, the candles last for 2 hours and 10 minutes, but the candles are 3: 1 for 2 hours and 8 minutes, and 15 minutes with smoke.Index Terms-Grease residue, waste water treatment, candles production.

Grease trap waste and water hyacinth is a major problem of sewer clods and impedes water flow, a factor in flooding. Both of which can be proceeded for use as soil amendments. This research had two objectives: 1) to study the appropriate characteristics of the ratio between grease trap waste and water hyacinth for compost production and 2) to study the efficiency of compost from the growth rate of kale. The results of the analysis revealed that moisture, organic carbon, pH, conductivity, C/N ratio, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are conformed to organic fertilizer standards of the Announcement by the Department of Agriculture: Criteria for organic fertilizers 2014, Thailand. Comparison of compost quality from macronutrients revealed that the ratio between grease trap waste and water hyacinth (2:1) was of the highest quality. Comparing the average growth rate of kale by plant height, a number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, and fresh weight, found that the efficiency of compost containing grease trap waste and water hyacinth (2:1) affected the maximum growth rate of kale. In conclusion, the study found that the utilization of residues can reduce costs for waste management and increase resource renewal, which contributes to sustainability in future.