Background: Gallstone is a very common gastrointestinal disorder. It is known to produce histopathological changes in the gallbladder. It is also one of the predisposing factors for the development of cancer of gallbladder. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Histopathology, B and B Hospital during a period of 1 year from April 2010 to May 2011. The study included 396 cases of cholecystectomy specimens. Results: On gross examination, outer gallbladder surface was congested in 116 patients (28%), wall thickness was increased in 181 (45.7%) and mucosal abnormalities were present in 126 (31.6%) patients. At microscopy, epithelial hyperplasia was observed in 183 (46.2%), intestinal metaplasia in 112 (28.2%), dysplasia in 5 (1.3%) and cholesterolosis in 56 (14%) patients. Conclusion: The pathological changes of the gallbladder epithelium may play an important role in the process of gallstone formation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i3.6027 JPN 2012; 2(3): 224-225

Background: Testicular tumors are rare type of tumors affecting adolescents and young adults. The testicular tumors constitute 4th most common cause of death from neoplasm in a younger male.The present study is undertaken to analyze the pattern and age wise distribution of testicular lesions in our hospital. Materials and Methods:This was a prospective study done over a period of 4 years from November 2012 to October 2016, after taking approval of the ethics committee and informed consent from the patients. Histopathological slides were retrieved and reviewed for tumor and its subtype. Results: A total of 60 cases of testicular lesions were encountered in our study. Out of the total 60 cases,15% (9/60) were diagnosed as malignant testicular tumor. Most of these tumors were seen between 3rd and 4th decades. Germ cell tumor was the most common type (77.7%) among which seminomas (44.44%) and mixed germ cell tumors (28.57%) were most frequently encountered. Other tumor diagnosed was Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-neoplastic lesions of the testis are most common in the second decade of life. The youngest patient was at birth and oldest was 71 years of age. Out of all nonneoplastic lesions, vascular lesions like torsion and infarction are the most common findings (54.90%) followed by tuberculous abscess (15.68%). Conclusion: Testicular tumors are uncommon in our population. Histopathological spectrum of our study was comparable with other parts of the world,germ cell tumor accounted for highest percentage of cases in neoplastic lesions and torsion and infarction are the common findings in non-neoplastiic lesions of testis.

A granular cell tumor is an unusual benign soft tissue neoplasm, occurring in the tongue, oral cavity or subcutaneous tissue and rarely occurs in the breast. We report a case of 44 years old male, who presented with a swelling in the right breast since 7 years measuring 6 x 4 cm. Fine needle aspiration cytology was suggestive of low grade carcinoma and on histopathologic examination, it was diagnosed as granular cell tumour, with S-100 immunopositivity.   Keywords: Granular cell tumour; Male breast; S-100 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v1i2.5414 JPN 2011; 1(2): 161-163

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Prostate specifi c antigen is a key tumor marker to screen for prostate cancer. However, controversy exits regarding the impact of prostate cancer screening. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Histopathology of B and B Hospital during a period of 2 years from 01-05-2064 to 01-05-2066. The study included 26 cases of prostate needle biopsy specimens. Results: The more common age group (43.9%) was 70-79 years followed by the age group above 80 years old (7.5%). The most common benign lesion observed was benign prostatic hyperplasia (5 out of 11, 45.45%), followed by benign prostatic hyperplasia with chronic prostatitis (3 out of 11, 27.27%). The most common malignant types of lesion encountered was prostatic adenocarcinoma with an incidence of 84.62% (11 out of 13 cases), following nodular hyperplasia of prostate with low grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm 15.38% (2 out of 13 cases). Among the benign and the malignant cases serum PSA ranged from 0 - ?10.1 ng/ml. Conclusion: Serum PSA value has signifi cant role in the diagnosis of malignant prostatic lesions. However, Histological diagnosis still remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, No.1, Issue 5, 394-396 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i5.7865