The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous leaf extract of S. nigrum was investigated in rats. Thermally-induced pain and pressure-induced pain were used to assess the analgesic activity of the extract while egg albumin-induced oedema was used for anti-inflammatory activity. The aqueous leaf extract of S. nigrum at doses of 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, ip exhibited a significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent analgesic activity on thermally-induced pain in rats. In the pressure-induced pain model, the extract increased pain threshold at dose levels of 40 mg/kg (P<0.05) and 60 mg/kg (P<0.01). The extract at 60 mg/kg produced analgesic activity similar to aspirin 10 mg/kg; however, the analgesic effect of the extract was not as prolonged as that obtained by the standard. The aqueous extract of S. nigrum at doses of 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg showed 23.5% (P<0.05) and 32.1% (P<0.01) inhibition of paw oedema respectively at the end of two hours. The present study indicates that the aqueous leaf extract of S. nigrum has anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities that could be mediated via modulators of pain and inflammation or through central activity.

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SUMMARYA bioequivalence of two brands of 10% enrofloxacin was tested in broiler chickens using a parallel design at 20 mg/kg bodyweight orally. Blood was sampled before and after drug administration for 24 hours. Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations were analyzed using microbiological assay. Peak plasma concentrations (C max ), 1.00 ± 0.05 and 0.91 ± 0.02 μg/ml were obtained in chickens given Reference and Test brands respectively at 1.00±0.01 and 2.00 ± 0.17 hours respectively. Areas under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-24) were 3.79 ± 0.07 and 4.90 ± 0.01 μg/ml for Reference and Test brands respectively. Ratios of C max , and AUC 0-24 (T/R) were 0.91 and 1.29 respectively. These are within the bioequivalence acceptance range. conflox ® -vet and kenflox ® are therefore bioequivalent and interchangeable.