JST/JICA, SATREPS JST/JICA, SATREPS is series of studies initially aimed to develop a scale to measure the motivation, based on the selfdetermination theory, of rural farmers in Madagascar toward an agricultural training program. Considering the low rate of literacy, the Likert scales were designed to be administered orally. However, there were several unforeseen challenges in psychological measurement that hindered the development of the scales. Despite several revisions, responses to the questions lacked su cient variance for the rst four studies. e scale produced in the h study attained marginally satisfactory variance and internal consistency. e nal version of the scale asked questions in the second person and measured the respondents' frequency of thoughts, instead of their degree of agreement with a rst-person statement as is common in many scales. e possible reasons behind the lack of variance when answering in degrees are discussed. e challenges involved in the quantitative psychological measurement of impoverished populations, as well as considerations for future research in poverty contexts are also discussed.

SDT has much to offer international development, especially as a counterpoint to the extrinsic incentive bias and hedonic stance that are prevalent in the field. Although the number of studies is still limited, existing studies in the context of international development and poverty generally support the basic propositions of SDT, especially in regard to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and intervention outcomes. Theoretically, SDT-based interventions should also promote eudaimonia, although empirical investigation is warranted. Research in international development could, in turn, bring about new perspectives to SDT, for example, that basic psychological need satisfaction seems to moderate the undermining effect. As international development is a field that is new to not just SDT but psychology in general, there will be many challenges in conducting research, such as the lack of valid psychometric measures and ethical guidelines.

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