No abstract

A method for multiresidue analysis of 48 pesticides (20 organophosphorus pesticides, 7 organochlorine pesticides, 14 organonitrogen pesticides, and 7 pyrethroid pesticides) permitted in Japan was systematically developed on the basis of capillary GC. Pesticides were simultaneously extracted with acetone from vegetable and fruit samples or with acetonitrile from lipid-containing crops and then re-extracted into ethyl acetate (test solution). Pesticides in the test solution were determined by capillary GC: Organophosphorus pesticides were directly determined by FPD-GC. Organonitrogen pesticides were determined by FTD-GC (NPD-GC) following cleanup by silica gel chromatography. Organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides were measured by ECD-GC after cleanup by Florisil column chromatography. Recoveries for 10 crops a t fortification levels of 0.05-0.25 ppm were 42.5-128.5%. No pesticides tested here were detected except for banana, in which bitertanol was detected at 0.31 ppm.

No abstract

No abstract

demonstrate that Aroclor 1254 causes hypoactivity and flavor Effects of Acute and Repeated Exposures to Aroclor 1254 in aversions in adult rats; the no observable effect level (NOEL) for Adult Rats: Motor Activity and Flavor Aversion Conditioning. motor activity was 100 mg/kg for acute exposure and 10 mg/kg Nishida, N., Farmer, J. D., Kodavanti, P. R. S., Tilson, H. A., and for repeated exposure for a period of up to 6 weeks. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been identified as days old) were tested for motor activity in a photocell device after widespread environmental contaminants due to their extenacute (0, 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg, po) or repeated (0, 1, 3, 10, 30 sive industrial use and persistence in the environment (Erickor 100 mg/kg/day, po, 5 days/week for 4 to 6 weeks) exposure to son, 1986). PCBs were commercially synthesized as mix- Most neurobehavioral studies have focused on the develwater deprived (30 min/day) and received acute po administration opmental neurotoxicity of PCBs. For example, it has been of Aroclor 1254 (0, 10, 15, 25, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg) shortly after reported that exposure of mice, rats, and monkeys to PCBs consuming a saccharin solution. Three days later they were given during early development can adversely affect later behavthe choice between consuming saccharin or water, and saccharin ioral and cognitive function (Shiota, 1976; preferences were recorded. Saccharin preference was decreased at 1979;Bowman and Heironimus, 1981;Storm et al., 1981; doses of 25 mg/kg or more. Additional experiments determined Schantz et al., 1989). It has been suggested that PCB-induced the effect of repeated saccharin-Aroclor 1254 pairings (0, 3.75, developmental neurotoxicity may be caused by a thyroid 7.5, or 15 mg/kg/day, 14 days) followed by a choice test 1 day after hormone deficiency during a critical developmental period the last dose. Repeated exposure to 15 mg/kg produced robust (Porterfield, 1994). flavor aversion conditioning. Repeated exposure to 7.5 mg/kg produced flavor aversion conditioning in four of 12 rats. These resultsCompared to the effects of developmental PCB exposure, relatively little is known about the neurobehavioral effects of exposure to PCBs during adulthood, although some neuro-1 A part of this study was presented at the annual Society of Toxicology toxic signs such as numbness and weakness in the limbs meeting, March 1995 (Toxicologist 15, 189, 1995. This manuscript has were reported in human poisoning episodes (Kuratsune et al., results were inconclusive (Swanson et al., 1995). Acute ex-2