Introduction: Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is one of the most used coagulation tests in preoperative evaluation. Incidental detection of a prolonged aPTT is a problem in primary care, in which the general pediatrician should be able to attend its initial management. Objective: To describe final diagnosis of patients with prolonged aPTT in preoperative study. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study of patients referred from otorhinolaryngology. Results: Totally, 508 adenoidectomies and/or tonsillectomies were performed in our center, 38 of which referred patients (7.5%) with prolonged aPTT, and 30 of which met inclusion criteria. The median age was 4 years. 56.6% of patients were males. 76.6% of patients normalized aPTT at the second follow-up. Among these, 73.9% showed a normal study, 4.3% ha2d lupus anticoagulant and in 21.7% Von Willebrand disease was detected. Among patients that persisted with prolonged aPTT, 42.8% had coagulant factors deficiency, 28.5% had lupus anticoagulant and in 28.5% of patients a diagnosis could not be achieved with the tests used in the present study. Multivariate analysis did not show correlation between final diagnosis and the variables measured. Conclusion: The presence of a prolonged aPTT in children under preoperative study is due to a pre-analytic factor in the majority of cases or to the presence of lupus anticoagulant, normalizing values on follow-up. We suggest that a new aPTT be performed on these patients, and only those that persist altered or present a symptoms and family history of coagulation disorders be referred to hematology. N. Aguirre et al. 242
La heparina no fraccionada (HNF) es el anticoagulante de mayor uso en pacientes hospitalizados. El rango terapéutico (RT) se definió en adultos en relación a la prolongación del Tiempo de Tromboplastina Parcial activado (TTPa). Sin embargo, la recomendación es mantener un rango terapéutico con anti factor X activado (antiFXa). Como esta técnica es más compleja de realizar y menos disponible, se recomienda hacer curvas locales de correlación de TTPa con AntiFXa. Objetivo: determinar la correlación entre los valores de TTPa y AntiFXa, en pacientes en tratamiento con HNF. Pacientes y Método: Se reclutaron 52 pacientes entre 2 días y 14 años de edad hospitalizados en Unidad de Paciente Crítico Pediátrico. Recibieron tratamiento con HNF en infusión continua por al menos 24 horas. Se tomaron muestras de TTPa y AntiFXa de acuerdo al momento de anticoagulación. Para evaluar la concordancia de los niveles de TTPa con los de AntiFXa, se utilizó el coeficiente estadístico Kappa de Landis y Koch. Resultados: se obtuvieron 105 muestras de 52 pacientes. La concordancia general fue 0,452 (correlación moderada). En los pacientes < 1 mes (n = 40), se evidenció una correlación considerable (r = 0,617), edades 1 mes a < 6 meses (n = 18), y 6 meses - < 12 meses con TTPa < 120 segundos (n = 11), mostraron igualmente una correlación considerable (r = 0,636 y 0,615 respectivamente), en tanto que en > 12 meses (n = 37) con TTPa < 120 segundos, se evidenció una correlación moderada (r = 0,454). Conclusión: En nuestra población existe una correlación moderada entre los valores de TTPa y AntiFXa.
Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) has become standard in preventing GvHD in related and unrelated donor transplantation. There needs to be a consensus on the best administration schedule. The PARACHUTE trial reported excellent CD4 immune reconstitution (CD4 IR) using a dosing schedule based on the patient's weight and pre-conditioning absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). In 2015 we introduced the PARACHUTE dosing schedule at our center. Patients received ATG doses according to weight and ALC starting day -9. One hundred one patients were transplanted for malignant and non-malignant diseases. CD4 IR+ was seen in 81% of patients. The incidence of grade II-IV and III to IV aGvHD was 26.6% and 15.3% and 5% for cGvHD with no severe cases. We found no difference in aGvHD between donor type and stem cell sources. Five-year EFS and OS were 77.5% and 83.5%. Grade III-IV GFRS was 75.2%. CD4 IR + patients had better EFS (93.1% vs. 77.7%, p=0.04) and lower non-relapse mortality (2.7% vs. 22.2%, p=0.002). The PARACHUTE ATG dosing schedule individualized by weight and ALC results in good early immune reconstitution, low incidence of cGvHD, and favorable survival for patients with different disease groups, donor types, and stem cell sources.
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is an extremely rare, autosomal recessive, non-acute cutaneous porphyria, caused by uroporphyrinogen III synthase deficiency, codificated by UROS gene on the chromosome 10q26.2. Porphyrins deposit in cornea, bones and teeth. The first symptoms could be manifested in early childhood, with skin fragility, vesicles and bullae. Severe course produces acral tissues mutilation, eye involvement, hemolytic anemia and hypersplenism. The treatment is complex and it is based in the photoprotection. A correct diagnosis can significantly improve the quality and life expectancy of these patients. We present the case of a child with congenital erythropoietic porphyria confirmed by genetic analysis.
El Sangrado Menstrual Excesivo (SME) es un problema frecuente en la adolescencia. La prevalencia de trastornos hereditarios de la coagulación (THC) como causa del SME no está bien establecida y la participación de defectos de la vía fibrinolítica ha sido poco explorada.Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de THC y defectos de la fibrinólisis en adolescentes con SME.Pacientes y Método: Se incluyeron 93 adolescentes, edad 11 a 18 años. Los antecedentes personales y familiares de sangrado se obtuvieron con un cuestionario estandarizado. Se controló exámenes: tiempo de protrombina (TP), tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activada (TTPa), estudio del factor Von Willebrand, recuento y función plaquetaria. Los pacientes que no fueron diagnosticados como THC, se evaluaron adicionalmente con el tiempo de lisis del coágulo.Resultados: 41 pacientes (44%) fueron diagnosticados como THC: Enfermedad de Von Willebrand n=28, defectos de la función plaquetaria n=8, hemofilia leve n=5. Se confirmó disminución del tiempo de lisis del coágulo en 31 pacientes. El 54% de pacientes diagnosticado como THC, tuvo SME como la primera manifestación hemorrágica. Conclusión: Estos resultados apoyan la necesidad de evaluación de la coagulación, incluyendo la vía fibrinolítica, en el estudio de adolescentes con SME.
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