Perkawinan menurut adat Minang merupakan masalah bersama, hal ini terlihat ketika proses mencari jodoh, penjajakan pertama, peminangan, dan sampai pelaksanaan pesta. Setelah akad nikah, suami dijemput secara adat untuk tinggal di rumah isterinya, meskipun ia bukan orang Minang. Konsekuensi seperti ini, suami ibarat abu di atas tunggul yang mudah terbang ketika angin kencang datang. Ketika terjadi perselisihan dan pertengkaran yang sulit dicarikan jalan keluar dengan isterinya, maka kemungkinan ia meninggalkan isterinya yang disebut dengan baganyi, dan bila tidak diselesaikan bisa berujung kepada perceraian. Tidak jelasnya status isteri (digantung tidak bertali), kurangnya perhatian terhadap anak, nikah sirri dan isbat nikah merupakan dampak dari baganyi. Idealnya masalah seperti ini tidak terjadi jika fungsi keluarga besar, khususnya ninik-mamak ikut membantu mencarikan solusi, jangan hanya dalam pelaksanaan perkawinan saja yang menjadi urusan bersama, suami baganyi yang bisa berujung kepada perceraian juga menjadi urusan bersama sehingga perceraian tidak terjadi. (Marriage in Minangkabau traditional culture is a substantial way that involved many family members. It can be shown from the undergoing processes; finding the match mate, first family meeting, proposing, till to having the wedding. After the vow, the groom is picked up officially with cultural way to stay in bride’s house even if he is not a Minang poeple. This consequence makes the bride like “abu di ateh tungku” (“ash on stove”; it means, easy to be removed whenever the air comes). Furthermore, if the house in a clash and hard to be solved, it allows him to leave his wife without any divorce statement, that calls baganyi. This way causes new problems like ignoring the kids and secret marriage. This problem is not supposed to be happened if the family, especially ninik mamak has a role not only in the beginning of marriage, but also in helping to solve the household problems when it comes. Therefore, with the full role of ninik mamak in Minangkabau marriage culture not only to unite, but also to keep it together and drive away the obstacles.)
Witness examination is one of the trial procedures required to resolve cases before the Religious Courts. According to the regulations, witnesses must provide information directly related to their testimony that they actually have seen, heard, or experienced the case. The issue is that some of the witnesses introduced were unaware of the testimony they provided and only learned about it from the litigants. How can the Religious Courts in the border area, which is the Minang region, resolve the syiqāq case from a maṣlāhah perspective, and what are the solutions that can be implemented to bring about a positive outcome in the syiqāq case when the witness's closest family does not have knowledge about the case in person? Comparing these two court products in terms of maṣlāhah is an intriguing analysis. Using a comparative approach to the two cases, this study conducted a fundamental analysis of the literature. The results demonstrated that distinct assemblies evaluated the presence of these witnesses in relation to the issued decisions. Some of the panels regarded the testimony in this case as insufficient evidence, so they denied the requested divorce despite the family's ongoing disputes (syiqāq). In petition cases with the same witness issue, however, the tribunal deemed the evidence to be sufficient to grant the requests.
Abstrak:Perkawinan menurut adat Minang merupakan masalah bersama, hal ini terlihat ketika proses mencari jodoh, penjajakan pertama, peminangan, dan sampai pelaksanaan pesta. Setelah akad nikah, suami dijemput secara adat untuk tinggal di rumah isterinya, meskipun ia bukan orang Minang. Konsekuensi seperti ini, suami ibarat abu di atas tunggul yang mudah terbang ketika angin kencang datang. Ketika terjadi perselisihan dan pertengkaran yang sulit dicarikan jalan keluar dengan isterinya, maka kemungkinan ia meninggalkan isterinya yang disebut dengan baganyi, dan bila tidak diselesaikan bisa berujung kepada perceraian. Tidak jelasnya status isteri (digantung tidak bertali), kurangnya perhatian terhadap anak, nikah sirri dan isbat nikah merupakan dampak dari baganyi. Idealnya masalah seperti ini tidak terjadi jika fungsi keluarga besar, khususnya ninik-mamak ikut membantu mencarikan solusi, jangan hanya dalam pelaksanaan perkawinan saja yang menjadi urusan bersama, suami baganyi yang bisa berujung kepada perceraian juga menjadi urusan bersama sehingga perceraian tidak terjadi. AbstractMarriage in Minangkabau traditional culture is a substantial way that involved many family members. It can be shown from the undergoing processes; finding the match mate, first family meeting, proposing, till to having the wedding. After the vow, the groom is picked up officially with cultural way to stay in bride's house even if he is not a Minang poeple. This consequence makes the bride like "abu di ateh tungku" ("ash on stove"; it means, easy to be removed whenever the air comes). Furthermore, if the house in a clash and hard to be solved, it allows him to leave his wife without any divorce statement, that calls baganyi. This way causes new problems like Nofiardi al-V o l . 1 3 N o . 1 J u n i 2018 50ignoring the kids and secret marriage. This problem is not supposed to be happened if the family, especially ninik mamak has a role not only in the beginning of marriage, but also in helping to solve the household problems when it comes. Therefore, with the full role of ninik mamak in Minangkabau marriage culture not only to unite, but also to keep it together and drive away the obstacles.
Perlindungan konsumen adalah segala upaya yang menjamin adanya kepastian hukum untuk memberi perlindungan kepada konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap standar mutu kosmetik bagi konsumen berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Dalam putusan Pengadilan Negeri Batam Nomor 986/Pid.Sus/2016/PNBtm, Miau Kiuk alias Grace, pelaku usaha kosmetik illegal, dipidana penjara selama 4 bulan 15 hari dan denda sebanyak Rp5.000.000,00 tanpa disertai adanya pertanggungjawaban kepada konsumen. Dalam putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Utara Nomor 1616/Pid.Sus/2016/PNJktUtr, William Perkasa, pelaku usaha kosmetik illegal, dipidana penjara selama 1 tahun 6 bulan dan denda sebanyak Rp1.000.000.000,00 tanpa disertai adanya pertanggungjawaban kepada konsumennya. Dalam putusan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Payakumbuh Nomor 98/Pid.Sus/2017/PNPyh, Armen Dahlan, pelaku usaha kosmetik illegal, dipidana penjara selama 1 bulan dan denda sebanyak Rp3.000.000,00 tanpa disertai adanya pertanggungjawaban kepada konsumennya. Aparat penegak hukum seharusnya menerapkan sanksi maksimal kepada pelaku usaha kosmetik illegal disertai adanya pertanggungjawaban kepada konsumen yang menjadi korban sebagaimana yang
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