No abstract

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an enzootic infectious, seldom fatal and eruptive disease in Pakistan reported in 2022. It can result in variably high mortality and morbidity rates in animals characterized by nodules on their skin. LSD caused by Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), together with goatpox virus and sheeppox virus, belongs to genus Capripoxvirus and Poxviridae family. The disease affects a wide variety of domestic and wild animals, including buffaloes and cows. The main symptoms are high fever, nodular lesions on the skin, and mucous membranes of the respiratory and digestive tracts. The outbreak of lumpy skin disease caused severe economic losses among Pakistan's animal keepers by reducing milk, beef production, causing sterility in males and abortions in females. Crossbreed and female cattle had significantly higher disease prevalence than their male counterparts. The introduction of new animals into farms was discovered to be one of the most significant risk factors in disease transmission. The aim of current review was to provide the information about LSDV because no study has conducted in Pakistan as it is new disease reported in 2022. The current review of literature will be useful to field veterinarians, herders, and animal health decision makers in Pakistan, as well as in taking appropriate measures to prevent future outbreaks of this disease. Keywords: Domestic animals; Cattle; Lumpy skin disease; Poxviridae; Pakistan

Skin acts as a protective barrier of body. It keeps the internal body organs safe from external environmental conditions which can prove harmful for them. So, maintenance of skin integrity is very important for normal functioning of body. In our daily life body of both animals and humans encounter to different types of violence, some of them are of such a severity that they break the skin continuity. This breakage of skin continuity is termed as wound. Whenever, the skin continuity is broken, internal organs of body are exposed. This is a dangerous situation and can be fatal for life. Immediate response of skin after wound is the start of wound healing process which starts automatically. This process can be assisted in a number of ways by keeping the wound free from bacterial contamination, moisture and dirt. For this purpose a variety of antiseptic dressings are available which when applied topically support wound healing process. They prevent wound to be contaminated by any micro-organism and reduce wound healing time. Aloe vera is one of them, it possess significant wound healing properties. Herbs have been integral to both traditional and non-traditional forms of medicine dating back at least 5000 years. Herbal medicines, especially in wound management involve disinfection, debridement and provision of a suitable environment for aiding the natural course of healing. The super focus of this review is to summarize the findings of earlier scientists with authentic concluding verse for utilization of herbal medicines (Aloe vera) being safe, readily available and cheaper.

No abstract

No abstract