This research investigates the relationship between enterprise environmental factors (EEFs) and programme management (PgM) resources, and subsequently how PgM resources and sustainability integrate into social enterprise. With a resource-based view (RBV) concept as the theoretical starting point, a systematic literature review identified EEFs relating to PgM resources, and PgM resources relating to sustainability in private and public organisations. A mixed-method research approach was used that is founded on a sequential exploratory strategy. In the preliminary phase, meta qualitative analysis was conducted; in the second phase, 16 semi structured interviews were undertaken to customise and confirm the concepts by using thematic analysis within 4 selected case studies. In the final phase, the model was validated by a survey that returned (n = 302) completed questionnaires from around Pakistan, and the used method of analysis was PLS-SEM. These research findings highlight that PgM resources within social enterprises are highly influential and dependent on external and internal EEFs, and that PgM resources are critical to consider for social enterprise sustainability. In addition, this study highlights that PgM resources positively influence social, economic, and environmental sustainability in SEs. Furthermore, this study developed a validated novel theoretical framework.

The purpose of the research is to investigate the effect of the business incubation critical factor on entrepreneurship development in university business incubation centers. The research design used in the study was descriptive. 228 managers of business incubators at Pakistani public and private institutions made up the study's sample. Through a cross-sectional survey, data from incubator managers were gathered using a standardized questionnaire. Smart-PLS 3.3.3 for structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to evaluate the data. The research revealed that infrastructural facilities, management support, training & development, financial support, and networking had a positive significant effect on entrepreneurial development. The study offers a number of theoretical and practical ramifications for academics, government agencies, and business professionals in developing nations who must take into account the essential elements for the growth of entrepreneurship.

The study extended the existing literature on digital entrepreneurship, do-it-yourself and technology acceptance models with the help of empirical data. It further aimed to identify the factors associated with the e-entrepreneurial acceptance by examining the integration of do-it-yourself and technology acceptance models. A data sample consisting of 200 questionnaires were collected from small–medium enterprise using the digital platforms for their business activities. Structural equation modeling was applied for testing the association of the models. A robust theoretical framework adopted to validate to use digital entrepreneurship as a standalone or along with the traditional entrepreneurial. The study was only limited to the small–medium enterprises working in the context of Pakistan. A total of 200 respondents were visited to collect the data using convenience sampling technique. The findings of this study concluded that all the variables of technology acceptance model are significantly related to the digital entrepreneurial acceptance. Similarly, factors associated with do-it-yourself behavior had a substantial influence, with the exception of perceived lack of product quality as well as perceived lack of product availability variables, which had no significant impact on digital entrepreneurial acceptance.