Every language has its own phonetic characteristics, including Arabic and Indonesian. However, interactions between communities can influence the development and change of language. This influence can be observed through vocabulary that is borrowed and modified from other languages, known as loanwords. In this study, the library research method was used to search and process information. The main sources used were the Arabic-Indonesian Dictionary by Mahmud Yunus and the Al-Munawwir Dictionary by Ahmad Warson Munawwir and Muhammad Fairuz. Meanwhile, secondary data was taken from the Indonesian Language Dictionary (KBBI). Based on the study, it is concluded that the borrowing of words from Arabic to Indonesian undergoes many modifications that are adjusted to the dialect of Indonesian speakers. The borrowing process starts from the spoken language, which is then transformed into the written language. Arabic loanwords in Indonesian have both positive and negative impacts on the learning process. The positive impact is that the presence of loanwords can help facilitate the learning process of other words. This impact can be felt if the sound and usage of the word remain unchanged. Negative impacts can occur if the sound and usage of the word undergo changes and modifications, making it difficult for students to understand the original sound and usage of the word in Arabic.

This study aimed to determine the implementation and development of CEFR-based nahwu and shorof learning evaluations at MA An-Nur Jagasatru Cirebon. The research methodology used is the research and development method. In the development of this research, we used the Rowntree model, which was consisted of three stages, namely the planning stage, the development stage, and the evaluation stage. The trial phase began with the validation of material experts and linguists. Then, after being revised, the product was tested on class X students, namely 8 students for testing prototype 1 and 21 students for testing prototype 2. The results showed that the average score of material experts was 85%, which meant the product was considered very good, and linguists 88%, which meant the product was considered very good. Then at the testing stage of prototype 1, an average score of 64.37, which meant the product was considered quite good, and at the testing stage of prototype 2, an average score of 74.71, which meant it was considered very good. Based on interviews with teachers, they obtained very good results. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the evaluation of nahwu and shorof learning based on CEFR is feasible and effective as an evaluation tool in nahwu and shorof learning, especially in MA An-Nur Jagasatru Cirebon.

This study was carried out with the aim of finding out to what extent the use of Arabic applications can increase students' maharah qiraah on the basis of CEFR. The method used in this study is quantitative by utilizing experimental research. Data collection techniques were carried out by using tests and data analysis using descriptive statistical tests and t tests. In addition, this study utilizes observation and interviews as secondary data collection techniques. The results of this scientific study state that the use of Arabic applications based on CEFR is considered positive for the teaching and learning process. This can be proved by students' interest in learning and the results of the t-test which state that the post-test scores from the experimental test class are significant compared to the control test class. The results of the t-test indicate that there is a significant difference between the results from the control test class and the test class with the average value of the experimental test class 89,889 and the average value of the control test class as much as 69,615 with the results of the test value as much as 4,615 with criteria at a significant level of 2,008 and the proportion of variance the value contributed was 29.11%

John Dewey is a famous expert on the realm of education and philosophy. Due to his various experiences in life, he always thinks critically in every realm of knowledge. This raises various assumptions. This assumption was then developed into a theory on the realm of education that refers to some field of philosophy. The teories that he assumed in field of education were pragmatism and contructivism. This research aims to learn about compatibility between them then implemented into a learning method in the scientific thecnique to the 2013 curriculum. So this writing is purposed to cleaar out how the fit between them in application of them as a learning method at Madrasah Tsanawiyah. This research is using library research through several researches and writings in the form of books, theses, and articles from journals. The results of this study prove that educational pragmatism and constructivism theory have some suitability and are appropriate to be used as learning methods in several lessons which include direct practice.