Recent studies have shown fruits from less-known and unexplored plants as an excellent source of nutrients and biologically active compounds for food and non-food applications (Khan et al. 2011(Khan et al. , 2015. Basella plant is extremely heat tolerant and fast-growing perennial vine which is wildly cultivated as a cool-season vegetable. Basella alba is also known as Malabar spinach, Indian spinach, Ceylon spinach, climber spinach and vine spinach. In India, it is commonly known as "Poi". Red-violet colour of leaves, stalks, petioles and fruits are due to the presence of betalains ). This crop is suitable for both home and market garden in the lowland tropics. This plant is full of nutrition like normal spinach. Also, the oil obtained from its seeds can become the source of safe vegetable oil. This plant is good for health due to the presence of mineral, protein, oil, carbohydrate, fibre, carotenoid, organic acid, vitamins. In the winter season, Malabar spinach can be used in place of normal spinach as it has similar Nutritional and medicinal value. Basella plant species contain betacyanin, carotenoids, bioflavonoids, β-sitosterol and lupeol which are reported to have antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities etc. and help in curing various diseases, namely anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-cholesterol, anti-ulcer, antimicrobial, anti-hypoglycemic, wound healing, androgenic from the ancient times. Leaf juice is used in to treat catarrh and it is also an as safe laxative for children, pregnant women and in a urinary diseased patient. In Ayurveda Malabar spinach is called as "Upodika", "Potaki", "Malvaa", "Amritvallari", and in Siddha/Tamil as "Vaslakkirai" (Khare, 2004). It used as a vegetable in many countries like Philippines,

Agriculture, as one of the oldest and most essential human endeavors, has constantly evolved through the integration of technology. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a pivotal tool, redefining traditional agricultural paradigms. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted implications and applications of nanotechnology within agriculture, providing a holistic view of its past, present, and future roles. Historically, nanotechnology's initial foray into agriculture sought to tackle prevalent challenges, from pest control to soil fertility. Despite some early obstacles, this merger has since showcased myriad successful applications, underscored by targeted and efficient solutions that significantly enhance crop yield and food quality. The present-day agricultural landscape is punctuated by nano-fertilizers ensuring optimal nutrient uptake, nanopesticides targeting pests with minimal off-target effects, nanosensors enabling precision agriculture, nano-based food packaging enhancing shelf life, and nanomaterials aiding in disease diagnosis and treatment. However, with innovation come challenges. The environmental and health ramifications of introducing nanoparticles into ecosystems remain a concern. While they promise reduced chemical usage and waste, potential issues like nanoparticle accumulation, unknown long-term effects, and possible toxicity necessitate rigorous research and regulation. Economically, the nano-agri sector promises substantial yield increases, but it also requires significant investments. As the technology permeates the agricultural supply chain, ramifications on job markets, trade dynamics, and global competitiveness become evident. Looking forward, anticipated advancements include smart nanodevices, potent nano-bio interfaces, and self-repairing materials. Nanobots, soil health rejuvenation techniques, and advanced nano-encapsulation are among the many potential R&D avenues. The road ahead requires collaborative efforts from governments, research institutions, farmers, and the private sector. Public-private partnerships, in particular, could prove indispensable, merging public sector oversight with private sector innovation.