This research discusses the lexicon used for traditional technology systems in the Tolaki community. Lexicon is a language component containing information about the meaning and usage of words, the richness of words a language has. Lexicon runs into a shift due to certain factors such as changes in norms, culture, and environment and the development of science and technology. The level of shift and the change in the meaning of the lexicon for traditional technology systems in Tolaki community, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi are analyzed with the method of qualitative descriptive analysis. The data are taken from written sources, literature studies, by examining and recording some lexicons from the book "Tolaki Culture" by Abdurrauf Tarimana. This book discusses the lexicon used for traditional technology systems in the Tolaki community. The validation of the data is then substantiated by questionnaire distribution in which the informants fill in lexicon data for agricultural technology systems and imply them in Tolaki language. The lexical-semantic theory by Pateda is applied and the results of the data analysis show that the lexicon for agricultural technology system in Tolaki is extinct and undergoing a shift. 115 lexicons of traditional technology systems are analyzed and among them are 50 (44%) lexicons undergoing extinction, 29 (25%) undergoing a shift, and 36 (31%) undergoing no shift.

This study aimed to examine the cultural relationships between languages in Buli, East Makian, Gane, Gebe, Maba, Patani, and Sawai in South Halmahera, Indonesia. It portrayed the cultural relationships between the people from the regions speaking the South Halmahera languages. Furthermore, the cultural inventory was created and explained using qualitative and the 'wörter und sachen' methods. The findings showed a cultural tie between South Halmahera speakers living close to the language heartland. Those living away from their origin are related to different languages and cultures. The connections have resulted in lexical borrowings, syntactical alterations, as well as language and cultural divergences that cause language diversities.

This paper discusses the humanistic values based on the local wisdom of Mekongga dialect of Tolaki. It focuses on the form of metaphorical expressions. The problem relates to the types of humanistic values contained in the text "mowindahako" (expression relates to customary marriages accomplishment). The metaphorical expression in the marriage custom is not only an unusual form of speech in society, but it is also an indication of various local policies of the people who use it. Tolaki Mekongga community in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, has a very strong cultural background. The data source of this research is the text expression of "mowindahako". The data were obtained by conducting interviews and observations at the time a wedding ceremony was performed and also the published texts as a comparison. The results of data analysis indicate that the humanistic values in the text of "mowindahako" are packaged in an understandable metaphorical form based on the cultural context of the community, family values, respect for fellow human beings, and praying for mutual safety. The expressions of these values are in form of human metaphors of human, substance, living of flora and plants, the energy of water, and being (truth). In addition, in the expression of traditional marriage, the wisdom of the community in solving various problems, the wisdom of the supporting community in obeying the provisions or rules that have been mutually agreed upon, and the wisdom of the community in maintaining the harmony of life and association, especially the internal life of the supporting community.

This research aims to investigate the implementation of politeness in the language of lecturers and students as well as students and students through online lectures at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka on the WhatsApp application. The research methodology used is descriptive qualitative with a focus on research, namely the fulfillment and violations of the principles of politeness in the language contained in online lecture conversations on WhatsApp. The data collection technique uses documentation or screenshots, and the data analysis technique uses content analysis methods with inductive procedures. The results indicate that the communication of lecturers to students and students to students based on the WhatsApp social network still pays attention to the principles of linguistic politeness in communication discourse. Based on the WhatsApp social network, students and lecturers can meet the principles of linguistic politeness, including maxim of wisdom, generosity, appreciation, simplicity, compatibility, and sympathy. However, there were also still some violations of the principle of politeness.

Poetry is a literary work of two different worlds, the ideal world and the factual world. This research describes the ideal world and the factual world, gap/opposition or equivalent. The method is descriptive qualitative. The research results showed an equivalent and opposition in the poetry of Surat Cinta (love letter) by WS Rendra. The equivalent is seen in the aspects of romance leading to: (1) passion, (2) love, (3) remembered and thought in the heart, (4) restless, (5) worried, and (6) sad. Whereas, the opposition is seen in the aspect of expression in the form of: (1) thoughts with feelings, (2) men with women, (3) love with grief, and (4) sweetly with bitterly. The equivalent and opposition in the poetry of Surat Cinta by WS Rendra as a whole build the integrity of meaning in poetry.