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Green Revolution is an effort to increase food production, especially in developing countries, by using agricultural modernization technology. This article identifies and evaluates some of the implementation impacts of technology modernization, in particular by taking a case study in the red onion cultivation in Brebes Regency. This study uses a historical method with a sociological approach that emphasizes the use of textual sources from newspapers and official reports, oral sources, and direct observation in the field. The results of this study found that through the Green Revolution, farmers were familiar with the use of artificial fertilizers, superior seeds, anti-pest pesticides, and so on. However, it led to high dependency on chemical fertilization, therefore production cost will be more inefficient. In the end, a large dependence of farmers also includes the fertilizer’s companies, namely large companies that produce artificial fertilizers, pesticides and so on. In extreme terms, there is a new form of neo-colonialism in the cultivation system in developing countries.

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Water is the most important resource for human life. Not only for households, but water also has an important role in agricultural activities. An irrigation system with the local wisdom of the local community is present to support the sustainability of rice fields which has been known for a long time. But today, water is becoming an expensive commodity that is always commercialized. Water has also been a source of conflict in some places. In Temanggung Regency, local people know the existence of ili-ili, an informal institution that plays a role in regulating the irrigation for rice fields during the dry season. Not only for agricultural rice fields, but ili-ili also regulates the distribution of water to households fairly and without conflict. However, recently no more young people have continued these democratic and fair water management systems. This article uses the historical method, which emphasizes sources analysis and observations. This study proposes a solution to support the continuity of the traditional institution. The local government needs to support by making the water regulators part of the village government so that each community are able to enjoy the water together without causing new conflicts.

This study presents the case of an original and traditional knowledge system of palung, which is used in saltmaking in the coastal communities of Bali. The study emphasizes the practicalities of the system and its epistemology using anthropological and sociological methods. It is known that the traditional knowledge system of palung salt production has been preserved through the generations as a form of local wisdom. This traditional knowledge system emphasizes the use of local natural resources in accordance with the coastal ecosystems of Bali, where the cultivation of extracted soil (tanah sari), sand, bamboo, and coconut trees is carried out manually. This study has evidenced that the palung process successfully produces salt of excellent taste and quality. Based on laboratory tests conducted on palung salt samples, the results show that it does not contain any heavy metals and that it has good nutritional content. Because of its use of available natural resources, this traditional knowledge system is sustainable and environmentally friendly.