The high cost associated with operation has promoted the progress of wave energy conversion and has higher power output and larger size. However, many countries are bordered by the sea, and the possible area for using wave energy is very small which can generate peak power generation systems with a power output of less than 100 W. The purpose of this article is to introduce the refined parameters of new design of the permanent magnet shape of with tubular longitudinal direct-drive generator. Three designs proposed, which different shapes of permanent magnets with same topology. The parameter optimization process was analysed using finite element analysis to determine the best main parameters of the design, namely the length of the stator length to translation ratio (𝐿𝑠/𝐿𝑟), pitch ratio (𝜏𝑚𝑟/𝜏𝑝.), and split ratio (𝑅𝑚/𝑅𝑒). To evaluate design performance, electrical losses from the proposed design were also evaluated. The optimization results show these designs generator can produce 100 W of peak level output power with higher efficiency at rated current and optimal load.

Wave energy is one of the renewable resources with high availability area of the wave across the world. However, the wave power density in Malaysia is smaller compared to other countries with progressive development in Wave Energy Converter (WEC), which leads to wave energy utilization to produce pico-scale power generation for the benefit of outdoor activities. Thus, this paper is presenting the modeling of a tubular longitudinal permanent magnet linear generator for wave energy conversion for outdoor activities. This research aims to design a pico-scale linear generator with 100 W output power utilizing wave energy. The design is also intended to be a portable design with a weight that less than 20 kg, which compatible with outdoor activities. The generator is proposed by designing the different shapes of permanent magnets with slotless configuration. The designs are simulated using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to obtain the performance of flux distribution, flux linkage, and back EMF performance.