Urinary tract infections and their complications causing serious health problems especially in diabetic patients in Misan province, it is essential to determine the causative agent for appropriate treatment of this disease. One hundred and fifty urine samples were taken from adult patients with diabetes. The microbial growth appeared in 106 (70.6%) samples. Axenic culture was 83% versus 17% mixed growth. UTI prevalence was 65% with females comparing 35% of males and it was 56.6% in age group 35-49 years. Furthermore, UTIs were more incident in patients without antibiotics use and diabetic period 5-10 years (82% and 64%) respectively. Escherichia coli was identified as the most common causative agent of UTIs (52.9%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis (9,1% and 6.6%, respectively). Streptococcus agalactiae and Klebsiella aerugenes were (4.2%, for each). Moreover, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were 2.48% for each. Additionally, the frequency of Proteus mirablis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Serratia marcessens, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus warnerii was 1.65% for each, while Acinetobacter baumani and Bacillus subtilis were 0.82% for each. Most bacterial isolates had a high sensitivity to imipenem (78.8%) followed by amikacin (61.9%), but low sensitivity to ceftriaxone, tetracycline and Co-trimaxazole (36.4%, 29.7% and 26.3%, respectively) whereas, highly resistance to ampiclox and nitrofurantoin (98.3% and 87.3%, respectively). High rate of multidrug resistance observed among bacterial isolates.

Ear infections are extremely common and widespread otological disorders in children and adults. Accordingly, it is critical to identify the etiological factors and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility to achieve successful clinical outcomes. Ear swab samples were collected from patients aged 10-69 years at the Al-Sadar Teaching Hospital in Al-Amara city and cultured using the standard microbiological methods. The VITEK 2-compact system was used to analyze the bacterial isolates. A total of 100 samples were obtained; ear infection was slightly elevated in men (58%), but this was not significant. A significantly higher incidence of ear infection was observed in the patients aged 10–19 years (P≤ 0.05). Of the 100 examined ear swab samples, 76 yielded positive culture results, and of these, 61 were axenic and 15 were mixed. Among the 91 retrieved bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24/91, 26.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (21/91, 23%) were the common causative agents of ear infection, while Haemophilus influenzae (2/91, 2.19%) and Staphylococcus hominis (1/91, 1.09%) were less common. Most bacterial isolates showed high sensitivity to imipenem and amikacin (87.9% and 79.1%, respectively; P≤ 0.01), followed by ciprofloxacin and gentamicin (67% and 60.4%, respectively; P≤ 0.05), and low sensitivity to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ampicillin (15.3% and 6.6%, respectively). Multidrug resistance was observed in most of the isolates.

The ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin which is present in food products as a contaminant, and it is one of the hazardous toxins causing health risks in animals and humans. One of the main health issues is the damage to kidneys. The most adopted technique used in detoxification of this mycotoxin is biodegradation. In this study, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from soil samples was used for the detoxification of ochratoxin, and also this study explains the antibiotic resistance potential of this organism. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was tested to see if they could break down ochratoxin A(OTA). Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was shown to be able to break down OTA among the tested microorganisms. We tested the ability of A. calcoaceticus to degrade OTA in LB medium at 25 and 28°C, with OTA concentrations of 2ppm, 6ppm, and 10ppm. A. calcoaceticus was able to break down OTA from a starting concentration of 10 (g/ml) at these conditions. At 25 and 30°C, A. calcoaceticus removed an average of 0.1005 and 0.0636 (g/ml/h of OTA, respectively, from a medium containing an initial concentration of 10 (g/ml). A. calcoaceticus degraded ochratoxin A significantly during and after the log phase of cell development at both incubation temperatures. The hypothesis is that A. calcoaceticus degraded OTA into an ochratoxin with reduced toxicity. At the same time the potential of this microorganism strain was also measured using susceptibility testing and it showed the potential of development of its resistance. Strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from soil samples were tested for their susceptibility against different unrelated classes of antibiotics. A. calcoaceticus was resistant to multiple antibiotics. In vitro degradation assays were used exposing the toxin to the degrading enzyme or microorganism in a controlled laboratory environment. The degradation of the toxin was monitored using various techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The significance of this study is to highlight the capability of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in degrading ochratoxin A, so that health risks associated with it can be reduced; also, the antibiotic resistance potential measurement helps in development of optimum antimicrobial strategy.

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This study's objective is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of Salvia officinalis L., which have been employed as traditional medicines by local healers, against two multidrug-resistant bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In the present investigation, fifty samples were collected from burn patients, and isolates were identified from smears taken from the burn department in hospitals, including the floors, walls, light sources, and beds at the Alsaader Hospital in Missan City, using morphological, cultural, and the VITEK 2 Compact device. Besides, the antibiotic sensitivity test for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is tested against seven antibiotics. The results show that this isolate showed resistance to most antibiotics used in the experiment, and therefore it is regarded as MDR. Agar well diffusion methods are employed to detect the antibacterial susceptibility test versus Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at four concentrations: 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/ml. The results show that the alcoholic extract had high inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli at all concentrations compared to all seven tested antibiotics. The results also reveal the inhibition zone diameter of the extract against the growth of bacteria increased significantly with concentration increase. At 500 mg/ml, the highest inhibitory zone was 41.66 mm, while at 62.5 mg/ml, it was 30.66 mm.