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Ischemic stroke (IS) is an acute cerebral vascular event with high mortality and morbidity. Though the precise pathophysiologic routes leading to this condition are not entirely clarified, growing evidence from animal and human experiments has exhibited the impact of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of IS. Various lncRNAs namely MALAT1, linc-SLC22A2, linc-OBP2B-1, linc_luo_1172, linc-DHFRL1-4, SNHG15, linc-FAM98A-3, H19, MEG3, ANRIL, MIAT, and GAS5 are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of IS. Meanwhile, lots of miRNAs contribute in this process. Differential expression of lncRNAs and miRNAs in the sera of IS patients versus unaffected individuals has endowed these transcripts the aptitude to distinguish at risk patients. Despite conduction of comprehensive assays for evaluation of the influence of lncRNAs/miRNAs in the pathogenesis of IS, therapeutic impacts of these transcripts in IS have not been clarified. In the present paper, we review the impact of lncRNAs/miRNAs in the pathobiology of IS through assessment of evidence provided by human and animal studies.

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is the most common respiratory problem in obese patients with Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30. Although narcotics are the best choice for postoperative pain management, their side effects restrict their utilization in these patients. Therefore, postoperative pain management remains a challenge in morbidly obese patients to reduce narcotic administration and prevent OSA. Methods: 70 obese patients with BMI > 40kg/m2 and BMI > 35kg/m2 with underlying diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, renal disease, and cardiovascular diseases, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1 and 2 were enrolled in this clinical trial. Patients who underwent elective laparoscopic Reux-en Y bypass were divided into two groups. Group K received a Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) infusion of Morphine, Paracetamol, and IM Ketorolac. Group M received a PCA infusion of Morphine, and Paracetamol. Patients’ pain scores were recorded using a visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after the surgery, 6, 12, 24 hours later, and upon discharge. Results: 64 patients completed the study. Pain scores decreased after the surgery, 6, 12, 24 hours later, and at the time of discharge (5.009±1.7, 3.191±2.21, 2.731±2.82, 2.106±1.48, 1.431±1.25, p<0.001) the mean of the pain score in the group K was significantly different from the group M which received Morphine, at all checkpoints ( 1.7 ± 0.34, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Ketorolac added to the Morphine infusion pump was more effective than the morphine regime in reducing postoperative pain in obese patients.

Background: Although the effect of Erythropoietin (EPO) in neonatal and animal model of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy has been previously reported, its effect on comatose patients in adult human has yet to be investigated. Methods: This study was designed to find the effect of intravenous administration of EPO on the recovery from coma in the adult patients with Cardiac Arrest (CA)-induced hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. This randomized controlled trial study was performed on 60 CA patients who survived Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) from April 2011 to Nov 2020. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups including the control, received normal saline, and the EPO groups, and demographic data were recorded. The EEG and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were recorded on hours 6, 12, 24, and 48 post-success CPR and interpreted by an expert neurologist. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was done at 24 and 72 hr of post-CPR and interpreted by an expert radiologist. All patients were checked twice daily by an expert cardiologist. Results: 60 patients were included in this study. There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of demographic data. There was also no significant difference between two groups in terms of GCS and EEG at all post-CPR interval times. No significant difference was observed between both groups with respect to the frequency of pre-existing and metabolic acid-base disorders. Conclusion: The intravenous administration of EPO has no effect on the recovery from coma in the adult patients with CA-induced hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.