Despite the importance of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and norm activation model (NAM) in explicating revisit intention, predictions based on the merging of these theories remain sparse in the youth volunteer tourism segment. To understand revisit intention formation, a meta-analysis is performed to draw a macro conclusion using prosocial studies as a representative of volunteer tourism in investigating the predictive power of the aforementioned merged theories. Subsequently, latent growth curve modeling is applied to extend the understanding of tourist type identification to volunteer tourism research. The introduction of NAM into TPB marginally adds value to predictive power.

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Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) and generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) are two key estimators derived from a full-fledged composite-based structural equation modeling (SEM). The analyses of PLS-PM and GSCA have been recently extended to mimic factor-based SEM, and the extended approaches are called PLSC and GSCAM, respectively. Simulation studies have confirmed that the relative performance of PLS-PM is comparable with that of GSCA. Similarly, GSCAM, PLSC, and the traditional factor-based SEM perform equally well in parameter recovery. Although composite-based SEM perfectly fits into the current research landscape that focuses on a prediction-oriented approach, empirical research in the hospitality context that uses PLS-PM, GSCA, PLSC, and GSCAM estimators is extremely rare. To encourage hospitality researchers to adopt these methodologies, we demonstrate an illustrative example using PLS-PM, GSCA, PLSC, and GSCAM based on the confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) procedure. Measurement and structural invariances, applications of model fit, PLSpredict, and importance-performance map analysis are incorporated into our example. Finally, practical management in the hospitality field based on this methodology is discussed.

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Although the interplay among moral norms (MN), organizational support (OS), psychological ownership (PO), past green behavior, and green practice behavior (GPB) has been investigated separately in the hospitality and tourism literature, such investigations have been analyzed with the assumption of symmetrical perspective. This research provides additional information by applying both the symmetrical and non-symmetrical paradigms with an innovative methodological approach called the integrated generalized structured component analysis with fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). A survey with 277 respondents indicates that MN, OS, PO, and past green behavior can collectively and efficiently explain variations in GPB at work. Results from fsQCA identify four different combinations of configurations that can shape employees' behavior to perform green practices at work. In addition, MN is identified as a core factor and confirmed to be an indispensable condition to the occurrence of GPB. Moreover, this study tests and confirms all core tenets of complexity theory. Also, we address the potential sub-additive bias by relying on the perspective of the factor measurement model.