<p>Although the study of effective strategies for teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) in Indonesia has become prominent research topics for decades, little attention is paid to the students’ experiences of learning English. This study aims at researching some of our students’ experiences of learning English both at their junior and senior high schools. The students reflecting the experience were participants of our course unit of General English, Introduction to linguistics, Structure 2, History of English language, and were both from non-English and English departments at the University of Bengkulu and Dehasen University, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Of the eight effective and fourteen ineffective ways to learn English, we found three main issues apparent in our study namely self-confidence and motivation, learning environment, and methods and media in teaching English as a foreign language. Further explication of each issue is discussed.</p><p dir="RTL">على الرغم من أن دراسة الاستراتيجيات الفعالة لتدريس اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية (TEFL) في إندونيسيا أصبحت موضوعات بحثية بارزة لعقود من الزمن، إلا أنه لم يتم إيلاء اهتمام كبير لخبرات الطلاب في تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى البحث في بعض تجارب طلابنا في تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية في مدارسهم الثانوية والإعدادية. كان الطلاب الذين يعكسون التجربة مشاركين في وحدة دوراتنا في اللغة الإنجليزية العامة، ومقدمة في اللغويات، والهيكل 2، وتاريخ اللغة الإنجليزية، وكانوا من أقسام غير الإنجليزية والإنجليزية في جامعة بنجكولو وجامعة ديهاسين، بنجكولو، إندونيسيا. من بين الطرق الثمانية الفعالة والأربعة عشر غير الفعالة لتعلم اللغة الإنجليزية، وجدنا ثلاث قضايا رئيسية واضحة في دراستنا وهي الثقة بالنفس والتحفيز، والبيئة التعليمية ، والأساليب ووسائل الإعلام في تدريس اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية. مناقشة المزيد من شرح كل قضية.</p>

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk memahami fenomena sosial yang muncul dalam cerpen tersebut. Prosedur analitisnya tidak menggunakan prosedur analisis statistik. Data dikumpulkan dari sebuah cerpen berjudul “Datangnya dan Perginya” yang ditulis oleh A.A.Navis pada tahun 1950-an. Data tersebut adalah kata-kata yang tertulis dalam cerpen tersebut. Setelah data diperoleh, kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data menurut Sudaryanto. Teknik yang digunakan dikenal dengan teknik segmentasi konstituen langsung. Berdasarkan teknik tersebut, data bahasa dapat dianalisis dengan mengatur kombinasi kata yang bermakna secara intuitif dan mengklasifikasikannya. Peneliti menemukan bahwa ada 8 gaya bahasa yang digunakan dalam cerpen karangan A.A. Navis tersebut. Kedelapan gaya bahasa tersebut adalah Personifikasi, Hiperbol, Anastrof, Satir, Simile, Metafora, Anafora, dan Pleonasme. Secara sintaksis, pola kalimat VSO dan VOS banyak digunakan selain pola SVO yang umum digunakan dalam tata bahasa Indonesia kontemporer. Untuk tahap pengolahan analisis, interpretasi yang muncul adalah penggunaan berbagai bentuk atau gaya bahasa dan struktur sintaksis yang berbeda untuk membentuk keindahan tersendiri. Selain itu, istilah religi yang mewarnai cerpen ini mendukung beberapa makna. Tahapan analisis sosial dijelaskan oleh jenis-jenis unsur yang dimunculkan yaitu kritik terhadap realitas sosial.

NopriansahUniversity of Dehasen Bengkulunopriansahad@gmail.com   Abstract: This study focuses on the use of various second singular pronouns in Serawai language spoken in the village of Maras, the District of Seluma, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. It aimed to provide a complete and valid description of the form, meaning, and context of various second singular pronouns in the language. The data were collected by using observational methods. The techniques applied in collecting the data were interview, reading some supporting literatures, recording the language production, and taking field notes. In analyzing the collected data, the researcher used the referential identity and distributional methods. While dividing the key factors, equalizing, differentiating, equalizing the main points, segmenting immediate constituents, substituting, and deleting are techniques applied in analyzing the data. By analyzing the forms, meanings, and functions of the objects, it was concluded that the two lexicons found were a variety of second singular pronouns in Serawai language. Whereas, the selection of using one of the variations was closely related to the social context of the speaker and the speech partner. The result of this study is expected to be useful for the development of linguistics.Keywords: form, meaning, variety, second singular pronouns, serawai language

This development research aimed to produce entrepreneurship teaching materials by using the PjBL method and improving student learning outcomes in running a small handicraft business. The research that was carried out is a development research (research and development) and followed by a quasi experiment (quasi experiment) that collaborates with class teachers. The research stages to be carried out are: (1) the preparation stage, (2) the development stage, (3) the experimental stage, (4) evaluation. At the stage of developing teaching materials using the Plomp model (2010) which includes (1) preliminary research, (2) prototyping phase, and (3) assessment phase. Furthermore, at the application stage a collaborative experiment is carried out in which the learning is carried out in collaboration with the teacher. The subjects of this study were teachers and students from SMA/MA/SMKN in North Bengkulu. In the experimental stage, it was carried out by taking two classes from each school as the experimental class and the control class. The target achievement in this study is the creation of entrepreneurship teaching materials that meet valid and practical criteria and there is an effect of project-based learning teaching materials on students' abilities and self-confidence.