Light rail transit (LRT) is a sustainable transportation mode that ensures sustainable environmental, economic, and social development. Generally, the rate of public transportation usage in many parts of the world remains low compared to private vehicles. There is a need to understand passengers’ perception of public transportation service quality to enhance passenger satisfaction and increase ridership. Thus, this study used the Kuala Lumpur LRT service as a case study to investigate the effect of a passenger’s gender and age on their perception of the LRT service quality and their overall satisfaction. This survey involved 417 respondents. The outcome of factor analysis indicated that eight factors—i.e., signage, comfort, speediness, safety, ticketing service, facilities, staff service, and provision of information—influenced passenger satisfaction. The results of the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test indicated that the factors influencing passenger satisfaction significantly varied across a passenger’s gender and age. A more in-depth and comprehensive analysis using the ordered logit model and segmentation approach proved that provision of information, comfort, staff service, and facilities were critical determiners of passenger satisfaction in most segments. Safety factors and ticketing services had no impact on overall passenger satisfaction. The findings of this research could help LRT service providers, researchers, and policymakers formulate effective strategies for enhancing passenger satisfaction and increase the ridership for LRT services.

Many car drivers in Malaysia, especially young drivers, ignore the importance of wearing seat belts. This questionnaire study employed an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) by including habit as a new construct to explain the factors influencing the behavioural intention and expectation of young Malaysian drivers to use seat belts. A total of 398 young drivers from the state of Selangor in Malaysia participated in this study. Analyses used a covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) approach. The results showed that the variance, which indicates the intention of young Malaysian drivers to use seat belts (R2 = 0.76), is influenced by drivers’ habits and three basic constructs of the TPB (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control). The basic TPB constructs have a direct and positive impact on the intention of young Malaysian drivers to use seat belts. Drivers’ habits have a positive and direct influence on their intention to use seat belts, and an indirect influence via the attitude and perceived behaviour control constructs. Drivers’ habits do not influence subjective norms. The authors recommend implementing effective measures to encourage Malaysian drivers to use seat belts and ensure sustainable traffic safety.

The bicycle is a forgotten and neglected mode of transport even though it offers numerous individual, social, and environmental benefits over motorised transport. This research seeks to determine the factors influencing students to use bicycles for commuting and focuses on the strategies that encourage bicycling in a university setting. This study proposes the novel model framework by adopting Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour. We modified the theory of planned behaviour by adding two new constructs, perceived barriers and habit. The respondents in this study are 422 students from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in Selangor, Malaysia. The structural equation model in this study showed that the main attitudinal constructs, namely attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control, have a significant positive and direct influence on the students’ willingness to cycle. In addition, the perceived barriers have a profound negative and indirect impact on behaviour intention through attitude, perceived behavioural control and habit. The perceived barriers did not have a significant influence on the subjective norms. However, habit has a profound positive and direct effect on three main attitudinal constructs (attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control). This element could indirectly influence the behaviour intention of cycling in a university setting. Finally, this study has identified the physical, educational and economic policies for promoting bicycle use on university setting. It also contributes beneficial information that authorities, policymakers, planners and researchers could use to formulate effective strategies for increasing bicycle use on university setting and promote green and sustainable university settings.

Change in activity patterns and travel behaviour were seen worldwide as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This is mainly due to the restrictive measures imposed by the government and perception of own safety or commitment in reducing the spread of the disease. However, with or without the restrictive measures, people still have various needs to travel. Thus, this study was initiated to understand the changes in travel behaviour due to the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire survey, including questions related to purpose of travel, transport mode choice, distance and frequency of trip was conducted. Findings from this study revealed that there is a significant change in activity pattern and travel behaviour, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the 460 responses received, it is known that mode shifts, from public transportation to private vehicles, occurred mainly due to pandemic related concerns. This study reveals that people perceived public transportation as a potential risk for exposure of the COVID-19 virus, while private vehicles, bicycles and walking are viewed as the safest mode of transport during the pandemic. Gender, age group, vehicle ownership, marital status and purpose of travelling had significant impact on the mode choice during the pandemic. Based on these findings, it is hoped that rail and bus transport service providers will be able to plan measures and further encourage the usage of the rail and bus transport services post-pandemic.

This study is aimed at investigating the association between child-pedestrian severity levels of collisions and physical environmental variables. The outcome of this study could be applied to road safety intervention for improving engineering modifications related to children pedestrians. The retrospective analysis was carried out using 6-year data from Royal Malaysia Police records from the years 2009 to 2014. Multinomial logit modeling (MNL) was applied. The results demonstrated that the injury severity of the collisions is related to road geometry, road surface material, road surface condition, traffic system, road marking, traffic control type, lighting condition, speed limit, time of collision, type of location, and land use characteristics. Specifically, fatal injury collisions are significantly increased by t/y intersection; concrete and earth-road surfaces; two-way traffic and dual carriageways; posted speed limits of 70 to 90 km/h; time of collision: 0 to 0659 hours (early morning) and 0700 to 0959 hours (morning); lighting conditions, including dark without street light, and dark with street light; and control type involving police. Meanwhile, cross intersections’ posted speed limits of 80 km/h to 90 km/h and the time of collision from 0 to 0659 hours (early morning) and 1900 to 2459 hours (night), significantly increased serious injury collisions. Notably, the findings revealed the importance of more in-depth studies on physical environmental features that relate to child-pedestrians’ severity level of collisions. This is essential for improvements to physical environmental designs by policymakers. Thus, policymakers and stakeholders can utilize the findings to further improve the physical environment through structure and design.