The architecture of the Traditional Malay houses reflects the physical environment to portray the family and community manifestation of the cultures and behaviours. This research attempts to discover the cultural manifestation that has affected the design and construction. The case study method is applied, specifically focusing on a case study of Rumah Telapak Ibu Soko, Tanah Datar 48, located in Kuala Pilah, Malaysia, consisting of on-site physical measurement and observation and an interview with the owner. The findings are part of explored social values and the impact of cultural influence on design and construction. Keywords: Architecture; Traditional House; Community and Culture eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i21.3775

The purpose of this study is to outline the design elements of church architecture and activities towards encouraging a less isolationist image within a multifaith community. The research case studies include Calvary Church (CC) and Calvary Convention Centre (CCC). Qualitative case studies through observations and interviews are conducted to get information on perceptions of the architectural spaces, programs, and design elements applied to the case studies. The data analysis approach used is content analysis and descriptive analysis for both case studies, creating a less isolationist image and encouraging the multifaith community urban context. The results revealed that intimacy, proximity, neutrality, universal character, and flexibility are essential for creating a positive shared space design for a church building.

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Mosque architecture built to reflect the physical environment in which Muslim society manifest their beliefs and behaviours. This research attempts to discover the portrayal of society sociology in traditional mosque architecture. It analyses the social beliefs and behaviours manifestation in the design and construction of the traditional mosque. The case study method is applied, consisting of on-site building measurement, on-site observation, and interview with expert informants on the old Kampung Tuan Mosque. The findings from this research conclude a significant portrayal of society sociology found in the aspect of design and construction of the mosque. Keywords: Architecture, Traditional Mosque, Society, Sociology eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2804