Children are involved in various forms of social interactions, experiences, and the setting of environments in outdoor play areas that support children’s socio-emotional growth. It is necessary because the environment leaves a memorable experience for children. Other than that, it is crucial for their training and physical coordination. In addition, children’s emotional and social skills were indirectly assessed. This paper intends to incorporate an outdoor environment in preschools to meet the socio-emotional developmental needs of preschool children. Preschools located in Peninsular Malaysia were considered to be discussed in this paper. Conducting interviews with four teachers from various types of preschools can provide an initial picture of the external environment development in preschools. Early experiences of external environment interactions and the presence of social interactions with teachers and peers in preschool often impact the children’s learning experience. Two conclusions from the research findings guide the discussion on how the relationships of the preschools’ outdoor environment can foster the preschoolers’ socio-emotional growth. First, they acquire social and emotional competence with a combination of different experiences through shared or solitary experiences. Second, it was found that a variety of outdoor games with engaging spaces that offer attractions imminently stimulates game-based learning in contributing to the socio-emotional competence of preschoolers.

Bangunan pejabat hijau menjadi konsep pembinaan pada masa kini bagi mengatasi masalah pencemaran. Pencemaran berlaku disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, antaranya ialah pelepasan karbon daripada bangunan pejabat, iaitu kira- kira 80 – 90%. Kebelakangan ini, bangunan kerajaan di Malaysia kebanyakannya membebaskan jumlah karbon yang rendah selari dengan kesedaran tenaga mampan. Penggunaan sistem pendingin hawa terbantu terma-suria merupakan salah satu kaedah yang menyumbang kepada pengurangan penggunaan tenaga elektrik iaitu sebanyak 60% atau bersamaan 2.4 juta kg karbon dioksida (CO2) setahun yang dibebaskan ke udara selain dapat mengawal pencemaran udara di Malaysia. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengagihan elektrik kepada sistem-sistem dan peralatan utama di bangunan pejabat, mentafsir corak penggunaan sistem pendingin hawa gabungan konvensional dan terbantu suria-terma di bangunan pejabat, serta menjalankan analisis tekno-ekonomi dan penilaian kitar hayat ke atas sistem pendingin hawa terbantu suria di bangunan pejabat. Kajian dijalankan di Ibu Pejabat Pembangunan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor (IPPKNS) yang terletak di Seksyen 14 Shah Alam yang menggunakan sistem pendingin hawa terbantu terma-suria. Sistem ini yang menggunakan radiasi suria sebagai sumber boleh diperbaharui bertindak sebagai sumber tenaga kepada sistem penyejukan di dalam bangunan dan seterusnya mengurangkan kos operasi pendingin hawa. Berdasarkan analisis penjimatan tenaga, kitar hayat yang diambil kira dalam jangka 20 tahun menunjukkan pulangan kos pendahuluan (Pay Back Period) selama sepuluh tahun dan kos operasi pendingin hawa dalam bangunan dapat dikurangkan sebanyak 5% setahun. Secara keseluruhannya, sistem pendingin hawa terbantu terma-suria ini berpotensi untuk dikomersialkan penggunaannya berikutan penjimatan yang ketara daripada segi kos dan kitar hayat sistem, serta mengurangkan pencemaran alam sekitar.

Fordeveloping nations to meet the demand for skills in the twenty-first century, TVET is essential. The TVET institution actively creates a skilled workforce to meet the needs of the nation's labourmarket to meet those demands. As a result, efforts are being made to improve the existing TVET institutions. This study looked into the difficulties faced by TVET institution managers when handling their relationships with collaboration. The quantitative approach used in this study was the survey design approach. The right respondents are chosen for this study using purposeful sampling techniques. A total of 53 directors of TVET institutions in Malaysia and 30 representatives from industry were chosen as respondents for this study. The Rasch measurement model was used to analyze the data. This study identified managerial skills and common barriers as the two main obstacles to the collaboration between Malaysian TVET institutions and industries. Technical, human, and conceptual skills are the three categories used tocategorize managerial skill barriers. Technically, directors are unable to put knowledge into practice because they lack computer proficiency, managerial knowledge and experience, and methods and techniques for performance monitoring tools. Conceptually, directors struggle to plan long-term objectives, articulate strategies and comprehend the organizational structure of their industry. Finally, directors lack the ability to manage relationships between organizations and the drive to launch partnerships with the sector. While this was going on, the common TVET institution-industry collaboration barriers were grouped into four categories: governance issues, funding and financial issues, management issues in collaboration, and industry-institutionculture issues.

The management of solid waste, particularly plastic bottle waste, is becoming increasingly important. The carelessness with which solid waste is managed will have a negative impact on human life. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of vocational college students in addressing the problem of discarded plastic bottles. The study was conducted online, with vocational students in Malaysia receiving a link containing animation videos and open-ended questions. The students are then asked for their thoughts on how to solve the problem presented in the video. This study enlisted the participation of 197 vocational college students. The students’ feedback was analyzed using thematic coding analysis in Atlas.ti version 22. According to the findings, this study can be divided into two categories which are initiatives to address the issue of plastic bottle waste dumping and the importance of good plastic bottle waste management and planning. Students’ perspectives on problem-solving initiatives were categorized into seven categories: reuse, awareness, recycling, reducing use, disposal, waste segregation, and enforcement. Furthermore, environmental concerns and health issues are two categories that emphasize the significance of proper plastic bottle waste management. In general, vocational college students are aware of the actions needed to address the real issue of plastic bottle waste. Students are also capable of proposing solutions that are appropriate and in line with government efforts such as the 3R, 5R, and waste segregation at source. Furthermore, students can connect the importance of solid waste management to environmental stewardship and public health.

Fordeveloping nations to meet the demand for skills in the twenty-first century, TVET is essential. The TVET institution actively creates a skilled workforce to meet the needs of the nation's labourmarket to meet those demands. As a result, efforts are being made to improve the existing TVET institutions. This study looked into the difficulties faced by TVET institution managers when handling their relationships with collaboration. The quantitative approach used in this study was the survey design approach. The right respondents are chosen for this study using purposeful sampling techniques. A total of 53 directors of TVET institutions in Malaysia and 30 representatives from industry were chosen as respondents for this study. The Rasch measurement model was used to analyze the data. This study identified managerial skills and common barriers as the two main obstacles to the collaboration between Malaysian TVET institutions and industries. Technical, human, and conceptual skills are the three categories used tocategorize managerial skill barriers. Technically, directors are unable to put knowledge into practice because they lack computer proficiency, managerial knowledge and experience, and methods and techniques for performance monitoring tools. Conceptually, directors struggle to plan long-term objectives, articulate strategies and comprehend the organizational structure of their industry. Finally, directors lack the ability to manage relationships between organizations and the drive to launch partnerships with the sector. While this was going on, the common TVET institution-industry collaboration barriers were grouped into four categories: governance issues, funding and financial issues, management issues in collaboration, and industry-institutionculture issues.