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Zusammenfassung. Ein zunehmend komplexes Gesundheitssystem geht mit erhöhten Anforderungen an die Fähigkeit, sich darin zurechtzufinden, einher. So sehen sich Leistungsempfänger mit einer Fülle an zum Teil widersprüchlichen gesundheitsbezogenen Informationen konfrontiert, die es adäquat zu nutzen gilt. Hierfür müssen sie über eine Reihe von Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten verfügen, die in der Literatur seit einigen Jahren unter dem Begriff der health literacy bzw. Gesundheitskompetenz subsumiert werden. Allerdings besteht bislang kein Konsens darüber, was genau unter dem Begriff Gesundheitskompetenz zu verstehen ist. Der vorliegende Artikel versucht einen Beitrag zur begrifflichen Klärung zu leisten, indem er einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung zu health literacy und Gesundheitskompetenz gibt. Kernelemente der verschiedenen Definitions- und Modellansätze werden diskutiert.

Health competence is a key concept in occupational health and safety and workplace health promotion for maintaining and enhancing health resources. The effects of governmental or occupational measures to protect or improve health fall short of what is required with regard to the challenges of a changing workplace, e.g., due to the delimitation of work. To secure employability it is becoming more and more important to encourage the personal responsibility of employees. To offer new conclusions on how employers and employees can promote health competence, a survey is required of the research within the fields of health competence and competence development, and of the status quo in enterprises. In this context, a Delphi Study provides an important contribution, with a focus on small and medium-sized enterprises. The development of an extensive understanding of health competence is essential in a work-related context. Beyond knowledge-based health literacy, an action-oriented concept of competence implies the ability and willingness to act in a reasonable and creative manner in complex situations. The development of health competence requires learning embedded in working processes, which challenges competent behaviour. Enabling informal learning is a promising innovative approach and therefore coordinated operational activities are necessary. Ultimately, this is a matter of suitable organisational measures being implemented to meet the health competence needs of an enterprise. Even though the each individual employee bears his or her own health competence, the development potential lies largely within the prevailing working conditions.

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