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The purpose of this study was to propose useful activities of daily living(ADLs)and scales for es − timating ADL ability in healthy older persons ． The subjects were 210001der persons ． A total of 130 items for 57 ADLs were selected from the following 4 domains： 10comotion ， rnanipulation ， stabnity ， and posture − change ． The achievenlent rate for each item was calculated ． First ， 15 more useful AI)Ls， consisting of 45 items ， were selected to estimate ADL ability based on the multiple scale ， considering the achievement rate and interrelationship of each item ， and physical 且tness domains related Inainly to achievement of the ADL ． Second， the scales of 15 ADLs were modified after examining the differ − ence between practical achievelnent rates and the theoretical structure of the scale from the view − points of size and approxirnation of the achievement rate ． Third ， useful ADLs and their scales were proposed based on the analysis and theoretical vahdity ． As a result ， the following 15ADLs were select − ed ； In the locomotion domain， jumping across a ditch ， walking ， ning ， going up and down stairs ， go 血 g up and down bus steps ， transfer ， and jumping ；in the manipulation domain， taking bedding in

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pain), which is a patient-oriented outcome measure for knee OA with sufficient reliability and validity, similar to WOMAC and SF-36, was also used to evaluate pain severity and activity of daily living. Both spearman's rank correlation analysis and partial correlation analyses adjusted for age and BMI were conducted to examine the relationships between the severity of depression and the several clinical manifestations of the patients with knee OA. The several clinical manifestations were compared using parametric comparisons analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant differences were evaluated if ANOVA was significant. A pvalue of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Pain VAS score and JKOM scores of the patients were increased dependent upon the severity of knee OA. However, SDS score, serum levels of both IL-6 and hs-CRP were not associated with the severity of knee OA. There was positive correlation between SDS score and pain VAS score (r ¼ 0.28, p < 0.001) and JKOM-pain score (r ¼ 0.29, p < 0.001). Serum levels of IL-6 were also correlated with SDS score (r ¼ 0.18, p ¼ 0.003), while no correlation was observed between SDS score and serum levels of hs-CRP (r ¼ 0.10, p ¼ 0.22). Furthermore, age and BMI adjusted partial correlation analysis also showed the positive correlations between SDS score and serum IL-6 (r ¼ 0.25, p ¼ 0.002), pain VAS score (r ¼ 0.26, p ¼ 0.002) and JKOM-pain score (r ¼ 0.26, p ¼ 0.002). No significant correlations were observed between SDS score and serum levels of hs-CRP (r ¼ 0.10, p ¼ 0.24) by the age and BMI adjusted partial correlation analysis. Conclusions: The results of the current study indicate that there is an association between the severity of depression and the severity of pain in patients with knee OA. Furthermore, the severity of depression is associated with the severity of inflammation. Serum levels of IL-6 are reflected to the severity of synovitis and associated with pain in patients with knee OA. In addition, serum levels of IL-6 have been reported to be a predictor for the onset of depression. Based on these results, the severity of depression may be affected by the severity of synovitis in patients with knee OA. In conclusion, there is an association between the severity of depression and the serum levels of IL-6 in patients with knee OA.

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