in recent years ERP, as a comprehensive new system, has been used by many Malaysian companies. It has been successful in some and in some others it has failed. This article assesses 15 success factors and 8 failure factors in SME companies and tries to recognize the effective ones. The results show that the two most important failure factors in implementing ERP in Malaysian SMEs are 'poor planning or poor management ' and 'inappropriate training methods' and the most important success factors are ' Implementing team's teamwork and composition' and ' Effective training of users'. It could be conducted that team work is a key success factor in Malaysian SMEs and also training is of vital importance. As a result, by a sound investment and effective trainings we may guarantee the success of ERP in SMEs in Malaysia, failure to do so will lead to a defeat for ERP in Malaysian setting.

Nowadays, many companies are using Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as one of the comprehensive integrated systems. This study focuses on various aspects of the ERP utilized in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia in three phases. The success and the failure factors of ERP in SMEs were identified in the first phase. A comparison between different ERP training methods was carried out in the second phase. Based on the findings in the first two phases, a new training method was developed in the third phase, so that ERP users may have a more effective ERP training system in the SMEs in Malaysia. The research method applied to the current research is case study in which the required data was collected from different SMEs in Malaysia. The data collection was mainly based on the surveys and interviews, and the results of the data analysis were used to improve a client-based training system. The achieved results indicate that the application of this kind of system which is based on a combination of On-the-job training and Computer-based training system would considerably reduce the time and money spent on learning and training plans, while, at the same time, it would increase the user's proficiency and knowledge concerning in the ERP system.

Training has been identified as one of the most important success factors in the implementation of ERP in Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). If we do not pay due attention to training as if we fail to implemented training with proper methods, we will end in a failure for ERP application. This article has studied the different training methods of ERP in the Malaysian SMEs, and has identified the most important factors in training which are: the lecturer, on the job training (OJT), and computer -based training. This research, through interviews with the ERP users, has come up with a method which saves the learning time and reduces the training costs; it also increases the users' proficiency on the ERP system.

The cooperation becomes an important requirement in distributed Healthcare Information Systems (HISs). It is used to provide patients with a good and fast treatment. To achieve the cooperation feature, a fractal approach has been proposed by many researchers in different areas. Also, many approaches have been proposed in cooperative HISs to share patients’ information between different healthcare centres in order to provide a good treatment. However, most of these researches did not address the required improvement on physician skills and the possible enhancement on the healthcare services. This empirical study proposes a way to adjust fractal approach in HISs in order to improve the cooperation feature among physicians which may enhance both physician skills and healthcare services. The analysis of the collected data shows there are problems that associated with current system and therefore a set of requirements have been initiated. It has been found that there is a need to adapt the fractal features in current HIS environment.

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