Background
Over the last three decades, the mesoamerican region has seen an increase in the frequency of patients diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease of nontraditional causes (CKDnt) also known as Meso-American Nephropathy (MeN). A region with an increased frequency of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has been identified in central Panama. The present study aims to characterize the clinical presentation of patients with CKDnt in an understudied population of the central region of Panama and to compare them with patients with traditional chronic kidney disease (CKDt).
Methods
A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in a nephrology reference hospital in the central provinces of Herrera and Los Santos, comparing a group of 15 patients with CKDnt to 91 patients with CKDt. Sociodemographic variables, personal history, laboratory parameters, and of renal ultrasound were compared.
Results
Patients with CKDnt had a median age of 58 years (IQR: 52–61), significantly lower (P < 0.001) than patients with CKDt with a median age of 71 years (IQR: 64–78). Patients with CKDnt had a history of being agricultural (60%) and transportation (20%) workers, significantly higher than patients with CKDt (15%, P < 0.001 and 0%, P < 0.01 respectively). Renal atrophy and hyperuricemia are significant clinical markers of CKDnt (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively).
Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first study in Panama to investigate the clinical presentation of patients with CKDnt and one of the few in Central America and the world that compares them with patients with CKDt. In central Panama the typical CKDnt patient is a male in his 50 s who is primarily engaged in agriculture or as a public transport driver. Renal atrophy and hyperuricemia are significant clinical markers of CKDnt. Further studies are needed to help understand the common determinants and risk factors for CKDnt development in Panama and Mesoamerica.
Coronavirus infection produces a cytokine storm in some patients, developing a moderate to severe clinical condition that is associated to increased mortality mainly because of severe pulmonary involvement. Elevated levels of IL-6 have been found in non-survivor patients. In these patients, clearance of cytokines with extracorporeal therapies, Pulse High- Volume Hemofiltration together with adsorption columns Cytosorb, in short periods of time for 1 to 3 days, could help remove inflammatory cytokines allowing a downregulation of the inflammatory response; and, at the same time, treatment with low dose steroids, could give an opportunity for the host to reach homeostasis, decreasing lung damage and improving survival.
Antecedentes y objetivo: Los pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) en Hemodiálisis son pacientes que tienen condiciones que los hacen pacientes de riesgo para la infección por COVID-19. Los pacientes en hemodiálisis han sido un grupo muy afectado, debido a que no pueden suspender sus tratamientos para mantener el aislamiento domiciliario, lo que aumenta su exposición y riesgo a infección por COVID-19. Para evaluar el comportamiento de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en los pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica en Panamá, realizamos un estudio prospectivo de los pacientes infectados por COVID-19 en las Unidades de Hemodiálisis de la CSS de todo el país, para determinar las características de los pacientes afectados, los síntomas que presentaron, su evolución clínica y el desenlace de los pacientes infectados.
Materiales y Médodos: Realizamos un estudio longitudinal descriptivo prospectivo multicéntrico de los casos positivos que se diagnosticaron desde el 15 de julio hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020 en las 14 Unidades de Hemodiálisis de la CSS del país.
Resultados y conclusiones: Fueron incluidos un total de 333 pacientes en hemodiálisis con diagnóstico positivo para infección por SARS-CoV-2, de un total de 2194 pacientes que realizan hemodiálisis en las Unidades de la Caja de Seguro Social. El 59.5% de los afectados fueron de sexo masculino. La edad promedio fue de 56.75 años (DS 15.1 años). La Tasa de Mortalidad encontrada en nuestro estudio fue de 26%. La incidencia acumulada de COVID-19 en pacientes en Hemodiálisis fue de 16% para el período de estudio del 2020.
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