The method for extraction of neutron and matter densities from data on cross sections and spin observables for elastic p-nucleus scattering is presented. The effective nuclear potential was treated to the 6rst order with respect to the t-matrix and density distributions. To eliminate uncertainties associated with the t matrix, the latter has been determined directly from p-Ca scattering data, where the proton and neutron densities are known sufBciently well. The medium modi6cations in the t matrix have been included by means of density dependent terms added to the free t matrix.The neutron densities to be found were expressed as a Hartree-Fock (HF) distribution plus a small correction expanded in a Fourier-Bessel series with inclusion of only low-frequency components determined by the data. High-frequency components are presented by the HF term. Expressions for the physical observables were linearized in terms of the expansion coefficients, the latter being determined through an iterative procedure from the y criterium. The method enables one to obtain statistical Quctuations in those Fourier components as they are generated by experimental error bars. The normalization and model uncertainties have been also estimated. The extracted densities of ' ' Pb and their differences were compared with the HF results calculated by us with the Skyrme interaction. On the whole, pretty good agreement has been achieved.PACS number(s): 21.10. Gv, 25.40.Cm, 21.30. +y, 27.80.+w

Analyses of 0.8 and 1 GeV p + ' 'Pb elastic angular distribution data have obtained neutron-proton rootmean-square radius differences (hr") which are not consistent. Therefore, the 0.8 GeV experiment was repeated using a high resolution spectrometer. The new higher precision data are consistent with the older data, apart from a 15% overall normalization difference. A second order Kerman-McManus-Thaler optical model analysis of the new data, using a model-independent neutron density, yields Ar"~= 0, 14+0.04 fm, in good agreement with the most recent result obtained (0.16+0.05 fm} from a similar analysis of the older 0.8 GeV data. In addition, the elastic angular distribution was extended to 42. 5' center of mass in order to explore the momentum transfer region from 3.5 to 5.3 fm '. Although the familiar diffraction pattern persists to 42.5', it was not possible within the framework of our application of the Kerman-McManus-Thaler optical model to fit the data even qualitatively at the larger momentum transfers. NUCLEAR REACTIONSPb{p,p), E=0.8 GeV, measured g(0); enriched target; resolution = 100 keV, 6~m = 2. 5' to 42.5 . Microscopic optical model analysis using KMT potential; deduced Ar, error analysis and comparison with other results.

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Inelastic proton scattering has been studied using 40-MeV protons as the projectile particle. Energy spectra of protons scattered from Li 7 , C 12 , Al 27 , Ca 40 , Fe 54 , Fe 56 , Ni 68 , Ni 60 , Cu 63 , Pb 206 , Pb 207 , and Pb 208 have been taken. Angular distributions have been taken on the strongly excited states of C 12 , Mg 24 , Fe 54 , Fe 56 , Ni 58 , Ni 60 , and Pb 208 . The Blair phase rule is found to apply moderately well when a pronounced diffraction structure exists in the angular distributions. It is found that the McCarthy-Kromminga rule for the determination of parities of nuclear states from the small angle behavior of the angular distributions has limited validity. The B(EL)'s obtained from proton inelastic scattering measurements, using a distorted-wave Born approximation analysis, agree fairly well with the values obtained by electromagnetic methods.