Background and aims: Several studies have shown that genetic polymorphisms of the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) are highly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications in several populations. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of the rs7903146 (C/T) and rs12255372 (G/T) polymorphism in the TCF7L2 gene with the risk of developing T2DM in the Moroccan population. Material and methods: A total of 150 T2DM patients and 100 healthy controls were recruited for various anthropometric, biochemical and genetic parameters. Genotyping was performed by using Real Time-PCR. The frequency of genotypes, alleles, anthropometric measures, glycemia, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were evaluated in patients and control, while lipid profile was available only for T2DM group. Results: Glycemia, HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in T2DM group than control. Analysis of the distribution of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype and allele revealed that the TT genotype was more frequent in T2DM group (24.0%) than in healthy controls (5%) (OR = 4.08, 95% confidence interval (CI = 1.95–11.80, p < 0.0001). The T allele was more frequent in diabetic patients (45.2%) than healthy control (34.5%) and it was associated with high risk of diabetes (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.12–7.31, p = 0.005). The same results were found regarding rs12255372, TT genotype frequencies were 18,7% and 6.0% in T2DM and control group, respectively (OR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.33–7.24, p = 0.004). The T allele was over-presented in diabetics compared to controls (45.3% and 38.0%, respectively) and increases the risk of T2DM (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.04–3.10, p = 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the three genotypes of rs7903146 and rs12255372 regarding age, BMI, glycemia, HbA1c and lipid profile. Conclusion: The present study confirmed a significant association of the TCF7L2 gene (rs7903146 (C/T) and rs12255372 (G/T) polymorphisms with a higher risk to T2DM in the Moroccan population. No significant difference in respect to anthropometric and metabolic parameters between different genotypes.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease. The diagnosis is clinical and is based on two criteria: congenital bone deformities of the hands and feet (in particular a bilateral hallux valgus with a monophalangeal appearance) and ossification of the interstitial connective tissue of the striated muscles (spontaneous or triggered by minimal trauma). This irreversible ectopic osteogenesis evolves in bouts, progressing according to a precise anatomical pattern. The hypothesis of a genetic mutation in the BMP4 signaling pathway, responsible for a dysfunction of the immune system, has been evoked for some years. Recently, a gene involved was identified on chromosome 2: it is ACVR1, one of the BMP receptors. FOP is an example of the difficulty of management, since no curative treatment is effective on the progression of the disease; only preventive and conservative management associated with symptomatic treatment of relapses can be proposed at present.

The acuminate condyloma or rooster crest is a benign sexually transmitted infection caused by human papilloma virus. It is common among sexually active adults and adolescents. His discovery in children raises two problems: identifying the mode of transmission so as not to miss a possible sexual abuse and opt for an appropriate therapeutic choice. We report a case of genital condyloma for a 2,5 old girl with no known risk factors for immunosuppression. We discuss the main epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this condition in children.