Background: Diabetes is a serious disease which is posing a great risk to the overall health care all around the globe. Major factor in its systemic adverse effects is the enhancement of lipolysis by prolonged hyperglycaemia ultimately leading to dyslipidemia. This dyslipidemia is a big risk feature for all cardiovascular diseases related to most of the diabetic patients. L arginine blessed with antioxidant properties can play a substantial role in the prevention, and management of diabetes and related complications. The study was aimed at finding the novel uses of L-Arginine in diabetes. Subject and method: 15 adult Sprague Dawley rats , only female (to avoid pregnancy) weighing 250+ 50 g were used in this study which were divided equally (five rats each) into three groups randomly after ensuring that their lipid profiles and blood sugar were normal. After keeping one group as Normal Control Group (NC), the remaining two groups were made quasi-analogue Type II diabetic model through administration of Streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) in a single dose intra-peritoneal (IP). After lapse of 48 hours, all the rats of two groups had shown blood sugar levels over 300 mg/dl and therefore were taken as diabetic. One of the two diabetic groups was taken as “Positive Control” with DM rats (DM), while the other was taken as treatment group DM+L-ARG Group”.  Results: With regards to fasting blood sugar (BSF), total cholesterol (T-Chol), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), Group III (DM+L-ARG) showed significant improvement with the p-value of less than 0.001. Conclusion: After conducting this experimental animal work, we are able to conclude that in Streptozotocin induced diabetic model, the novel use of antioxidant L-Arginine with good safety profile and minimal adverse effects also has significant anti-hyperglycemic and anti-lipidemic activity.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common joint diseases afflicting human, characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage in which chondrocytes fails to adequately repair. Objective of this study is to evaluate the chondroprotection offered by triamcinolone in osteoarthritis induced rat model METHODOLOGY: This Laboratory based experimental study was conducted in Department of Pharmacology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in collaboration with National Institute of health, Islamabad from April-June2019. Osteoarthritis was induced by surgical removal of medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament resection in right knee joint of Sixteen (16) anesthetized rats of Sprague Dawley breed. They were divided in two (02) groups with eight (08) rats in each group. Group I was disease control in which 0.2 ml Intra articular saline was administered for three weeks. While group II was treatment group that was treated by 70 µl intra articular triamcinolone once weekly for three weeks. After that gait pattern of rats was scored. Animals were euthanized with over dosage of inhaled chloroform and sample of proximal tibia was taken for histopathological analysis.RESULTS: Mean gait score of control group and treatment group was 3.25±.707 and 2.25±.463 with a p value of .028 that is statistically significant. While mean histopathological modified Mankin score of control and treatment group was 11.5±1.195 and 8.5±1.195 respectively with a significant P-value of <0.01. CONCLUSION: Intra articular administration of triamcinolone in Osteoarthritis induced rats resulted in improvement in gait pattern and histopathology. Keywords: Chondroprotective efficacy, Osteoarthritis, Triamcinolone.

Background: Diabetes is a chronic health issue globally that has a high incidence. Aim: To see the effects of metformin and N-acetylcysteine on dyslipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methodology: A total of 25 rats were divided into 05 equal groups. Diabetes was induced into rats by streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) single doze (i.p). Rats having blood sugar >300 mg/dl after 48hrs were considered as diabetic. Negative and positive control groups were fed on standard diet. Treatment groups were given Metformin, N-acetylcysteine and combination of Metformin and N-acetylcysteine respectively for 4 weeks. Groups were compared for lipid profile thus efficacy of treatment given was evaluated. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the whole data. The difference between all the groups was analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: There was significant improvement in a treatment group that received both Metformin plus N-acetylcysteine while other treatment groups had little improvement. Conclusion: It was concluded that dyslipidemia was significantly reduced by use of N-acetylcysteine in combination with metformin among diabetic rats. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Metformin, N-acetylcysteine and Streptozotocin.