Microspheres are the novel drug delivery system. A well considered controlled drug delivery system can overcome some of the problems of predictable therapy and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a sustained controlled release approach.        A Microspheres has its drug dispersed throughout the particle i.e., the internal structure is a matrix of drug and polymeric excipients. It is the reliable means to deliver the drug to the target site with specificity, if modified and to maintain the desired concentration at the site of interest without untoward effects. Microspheres are typically free flowing powders consisting of synthetic polymers which are biodegradable in nature. Microspheres are particles between 0.1 and 200 μm in size. Microspheres received much consideration not only for prolonged release, but also for targeting of anticancer drugs to the tumor. Microspheres are spherical microparticles and are used where reliable and expected particle surface area is important. A microsphere has a drug located centrally within the particle, where it is encased within a unique polymeric membrane. In future by combining various other strategies, microspheres will find the central place in novel drug delivery, particularly in diseased cell sorting, diagnostics, gene and genetic materials, safe, targeted and effective in-vivo delivery and supplements as miniature versions of diseased organ and tissues in the body.

This is broadly accepted that the volume of G.I.T. drug absorption is associated to contact period with the part of digestive tract covering layer. It means, part of digestive tract movement period is a crucial limitation for dosage form being not completely consumed (Arora et al., 2005). A floating dosage form may remains into the abdomen area for several hours and therefore extremely prolongs the abdomen stay period of drug. It may be use full for proximal part of digestive tract and abdomen for the local drug delivery purpose. The stay time is beneficial to best applicable of given newer product along with therapeutics chance and important for patients. A dosage form which may be used as controlled retention may be obtained by some modification in their shape such as expansion flotation and muco-adhesion. The gastric emptying would be delay by simultaneous administration of active pharmaceutical agent (Kumar et al., 2016). Researcher has been discussed on floating drug delivery system and evaluation on the and patterns in-vivo in-vitro and assed the efficiency and applications of this type of formulation. Various current example have been described by the ability of this type of dosage form and problems of it bioavailability (Arora et al., 2005). Concept of gastric retention Various concepts of oral dosage form has been introduced for enhancing the time for abdominal stay along with buoyant systems enlarged and by modified expanded shape system much density systems and other abdomen vacant device (Yadav et al., 2012), which includes Magnetic systems, Super porous-biodegradable hydro gel system and some newer concept are present as:-(a). Hydros dynamically balance system (HBS) included afloat materials enable to float the device.

Background: Diabetes is a chronic health issue globally that has a high incidence. Aim: To see the effects of metformin and N-acetylcysteine on dyslipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methodology: A total of 25 rats were divided into 05 equal groups. Diabetes was induced into rats by streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) single doze (i.p). Rats having blood sugar >300 mg/dl after 48hrs were considered as diabetic. Negative and positive control groups were fed on standard diet. Treatment groups were given Metformin, N-acetylcysteine and combination of Metformin and N-acetylcysteine respectively for 4 weeks. Groups were compared for lipid profile thus efficacy of treatment given was evaluated. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the whole data. The difference between all the groups was analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: There was significant improvement in a treatment group that received both Metformin plus N-acetylcysteine while other treatment groups had little improvement. Conclusion: It was concluded that dyslipidemia was significantly reduced by use of N-acetylcysteine in combination with metformin among diabetic rats. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Metformin, N-acetylcysteine and Streptozotocin.

Over the last decade the treatment of illness has been accomplished by administering drug to human body via various routes namely oral, sublingual, rectal, parental etc. Many advantages of gels a major limitation is in the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. So to overcome this limitation an emulsion based approach is being used so that even a hydrophobic therapeutic moiety can enjoy the unique properties of gels. The topical drug delivery system is generally used where these systems of drug administration fails or in local skin infection like fungal infection. Topical drug delivery can be defined as the application of a drug containing formulation to the skin to directly treat cutaneous disorder. The combination of hydrophilic cornified cells in hydrophobic intercellular material provides a barrier to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. Within the major group of semisolid preparations, the use of transparent gels has expanded both in cosmetics and in pharmaceutical preparations. Polymer can function as emulsifiers and thickeners because the gelling capacity of these compounds allows the formulation of stable emulsions and creams by decreasing surface and interfacial tension and at the same time increasing the viscosity of the aqueous phase. These Emulgel are having major advantages on novel vesicular systems as well as on conventional systems in various aspects. Various permeation enhancers can potentiate the effect, so Emulgel can be used as better topical drug delivery systems over present systems.

Objective: To determine the Anti hyperlipidemic effect of Oxyresveratrol and Zinc complex on Total Cholesterol in Hyperlipidemic rat Model. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi. Period: Sep 2020 to Sep 2021. Material & Methods: In our study on high fat diet fed hyperlipidemic rats comparison of this standard drug with a novel compound oxyresveratrol was done. Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, Group I was used as NC (Negative Control), group II Positive Control (PC), group III (OXY-Zn complex) and group IV SIM respectively. Groups III and IV were given orally 10 mg/kg body wt. OXY-Zn and SIM respectively. Terminal sampling was performed on day 57 for estimation of total cholesterol. Results: OXY-Zn complex showed significantly better control over total cholesterol compared with SIM. Total cholesterol of OXY treated group showed p < 0.001 like SIM treated group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results showed that OXY-Zn complex is better than simvastatin because of its significantly positive effect on total cholesterol when compared with SIM.