Background: UVP is a signifi cant Public Health Problem in Nepal. This problem is mainly prevalent in rural areas where the women are socio -economically less privileged and cannot afford the costs of treatment. Objective: An analysis of peri operative and post operative complications of vaginal hysterectomies for pelvic organ prolapse. Materials and methods: A hospital based prospective study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, NGMC followed up from the time of operation to time of discharge. Results: 632 cases underwent vaginal hysterectomy with fi nancial support from UNFPA. There were no operative complications. The most common post operative complications as noted were retention of urine, pelvic infection & pelvic abscess. In two cases laparotomy was done for haemoperitoneum. Pelvic abscess was drained vaginally. Mortality was nil. Conclusion: Proper screening before operation is the key to reduce operative as well as peri operative complications.Key words: vaginal hysterectomy, pelvic organ prolapse, peri operative complications of vaginal hysterectomy

BACKGROUND: The quality of life in the fast ageing population in the twentieth century is of great importance. Insomnia and melatonin levels in the geriatric population greatly affect sleep quality thereby also affecting blood pressure, mood changes and immune functions in this large segment of population. AIM: To study the effect of melatonin in elderly persons with insomnia  whether it restores sleep quality and sleep duration. METHODS: Insomnia is defined as inadequate sleep. Thirty subjects participated in the study, 20 females and 10 males. The study was conducted on subjects attending the OPD at the Nepalgunj Medical College & Teaching Hospital at Kohalpur between December 2008 and March 2010. Age group of the subjects ranged from 36 years to 80 years. All subjects were administered melatonin 3 mgm tablets before going to bed for 10-20 days. All data obtained were subjective relying on patient's recall and compliance. RESULTS: In 26 patients the quality of sleep was good and they felt relaxed and cheerful. In 15 patients melatonin was combined with alprazolam 0.25 mgm. Adverse effects were reported by a few subjects (like tachycardia, headache & depression). One case reported hypothermia. CONCLUSION: Melatonin has a beneficial effect in elderly subjects with insomnia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i3.8764  Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(3) 2013: 42-45

INTRODUCTION: The risks to the fetus-infant increase substantively in high risk pregnancies. The efforts are always to ensure a vaginal rather than a caesarian delivery. The present study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of Prostaglandin E2( PGE2) intracervical gel and oral PGE2 in inducing and augmenting labour in such patients. METHODS: PGE2 intracervical gel was used for induction oflabour in 100 high risk pregnancies. PGE2 gel was supplemented by oral PGE2 afterARM. RESULTS: PGE2 successfully induced labour in 60% of women while it improved the Bishop's score in the rest of the cases. L.S.C.S. was needed in only 7% of women. CONCLUSION: Intracervical PGE2 gel application is a safe and efficacious method of inducing labour, which can be augmented with oral PGE2 when needed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i4.9568 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol.1 No.04: 22-25