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Clean and efficient engine research and development work needs reliable models where autoignition for automotive reference fuels are described well. These models have to include chemistry containing numbers of reactions. The predictive capability depends more on the quality of reactions describing the chemical phenomena in the mechanism than on the number of the reactions. In this work three chemical mechanisms containing 1034, 74 and 63 species for primary reference fuels (PRFs) are compared with respect to the prediction of autoignition at conditions relevant for HCCI Engines and knock in SI Engines. After validation to experimental data for iso-octane, n-heptane and mixtures of the two fuels obtained from shock tube experiments over the temperature range 700 < T < 1200K at pressures 15-60 bars, a single zone engine model is used to simulate the point of autoignition and compared against experimental results obtained from an HCCI engine in KTH labs in Stockholm. The work shows the performance of the chemical mechanisms in prediction of autoignition delay time in HCCI engines.

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The fatty acid compositions of the total lipid, neutral and polar lipid fractions in the liver and muscle of Capoeta sieboldii and Capoeta baliki from Tödürge Lake were determined. Major fatty acids found in total lipid (TL) and neutral lipid (NL) in liver and muscles were C16:0, C16:1 n-7, C18:1 n-9, C18:1 n-7, C20:4 n-6, C20:5 n-3, C22:5 n-3, and C22:6 n-3. Beside these acids, C18:0 was another notable fatty acid in polar lipid (PL) fraction of the tissues investigated. The n-3/n-6 ratio, which is an indicator of health benefi ts of fi sh oils, was between 2.89 (PLs of liver) and 5.84 (PLs of muscle) in C. baliki, while it was found between 1.43 (PLs of liver) and 2.52 (NLs of muscle) in C. sieboldii. C. baliki was the excellent species in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in TL (43.92% in muscle) and PLs (52.94% in muscle) and C22:6 n-3 amounts (docosahexaenoic acid; DHA) were responsible for these high percentages. These results suggest that Capoeta species investigated have high nutritive value in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acids for human nutrition.

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