With the world's increased urbanization, the exchange process's view is fetching more efficiency in the shopping process. This trend is changing customer's intentions towards the retail stores. This article examines how the perception of access reshapes the customer's purchase decision in developing countries and how the retail stores' sustainable attractiveness intervenes in the purchase decision making. The point of sale convenience sampling technique is used with data from 669 urban retail customers' in the current study. The results have revealed that purchase intention and sustainable attractiveness of the retail store sequentially intervene relationship between the customer's access to the retail store and the purchase behaviour. Moreover, this study has also explored the vital link between purchase intention and purchase behaviour in Pakistan's urban organized retail stores. This study provides new insights for retailers and urban planners to manage the store's location for more efficient exchange and increase customer patronage.

Purpose: To timely manage supply chain disruptions, experts have focused their attention on the impact of COVID-19 on industries worldwide. Epidemic outbursts are a specific supply chain risk with long disruption propagation, disruption persistence, and high uncertainty. This study aimed to investigate the role of R&D investment and firm performance in mediating the relationship between disruption risk and supply chain performance in Pakistani manufacturing industries and supply chain employees during the recovery phase of the COVID-19 pandemic via the application of the dynamic capability theory.Methodology: From 21 July 2020 to 23 August 2020, 318 employees from supply chains of manufacturing industries in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, participated in this cross-sectional online web-based survey. The four standard research scales were used to examine the research and development, disruption risk, firm, and supply chain performance. The response link was distributed to respondents via Facebook, WhatsApp, and email. The study analyzed the data using structural equation modeling and a partial least squares technique.Results: The study’s findings suggest that disruption risk, research and development investment, and firm performance all improve supply chain performance, but the mediation effect is unsupported by the data. These measures help plan a better supply chain in the face of disruption risk. They provide one of the timely empirical conclusions on the role of R&D investment in mitigating risk disruptions and improving supply chain performance.

Privatization is an initiative or process in which the selling-off of the state owned enterprises (SOEs) occurs. This process can also be seen when the government of a certain country contract outs the state services. Pakistan, as one of the developing country in the world enjoys a specific status due to its geographical locations, does not stand as a nation that participates unduly in privatizing the government assets. Today, despite the government's urge, some unforeseen circumstances and incidents that happen in Pakistan are not to attract the foreign direct investment from the investors, who desire to invest in SOEs. The aim of this research is to explain the impact of the incorporation of Privatization commission of Pakistan and the impact of selling-off of SOEs on the economic growth of the country and on other macroeconomic indicators. The data has been collected from different articles and from the government released statistics keeping in view the reviews of international organization such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), catering the time period from 1991 to 2018. The figures of revenue from the sale of SOEs in different time periods are taken from the annual report of 2018 from the ministry of Privatization and could be relied upon. The research study has found a consistent rise, over the period of time, in rate of GDP, while the floats of privatization remained unsteady.

It presents how e-banking affects customer satisfaction in verified traditional banking administration, its relationship with age, occupation and education, its effect on branch visits, customer's understanding of e-banking, possibilities and difficulties, etc. of electronic banking. -banking. This article attempted to view all of the above out of 200 successfully completed and returned questionnaires from e-banking customers. In this study, tables, graphs, standard deviations, normality tests, and correlations were used to examine whether customers visit branches when e-banking is important and the qualitative relationship between segments and e-banking according to regression analysis. The test was carried out. Clarify the factors that determine customer satisfaction in e-banking. The findings inferred that the majority of e-banking customers are younger people, well-informed, paid and personalized agents, financial professionals, and women who are not effectively using e-banking assistance and there is also a link between e-banking and the segment. Electronic banking has further developed customer satisfaction, reduced the frequency of bank lobbies for bank administration, reduced the permanence of the space, and made it an ideal opportunity for customers. E-banking customers, bank customer satisfaction has expanded as a result of becoming e-banking customers, educated customers to control the evolution of records, and is likely to grow bank management electronics in the country.

Purpose: of the study was to evaluate the marketing practice in the retail sector of a developing country and the trust effect on purchase decision making. Objectives: This study had two main objectives. Foremost was the investigation the impact of marketing mix efforts of retail on the purchase process. Secondly; the investigation of trust in store towards purchase behavior Significance: this study had given insight for the intention-behavior gap (Sheeran and Webb, 2016). It had also added to the rarely explored field of retail in a developing country.