Political movements and Islamic fundamentalism emerges to respond to internal and external challenges of modernity. Islamic world is also involved in this social upheaval to establish regional strategic meaning in economy and military toward the emerging European countries. In this context, Islamic fundamentalism is understood as the answer of certain social groups and political elites in the Islamic community in term of institutions, concepts and ideals that emerged in modern era. This paper aims to understand the meaning of Islamic fundamentalism in modern context together with its social confrontations, motives, goals and development. This paper shows that there are typology of Islamic fundamentalism in Indonesia, namely: First, fundamentalist group that emerged as a result of the struggles and conflicts of power in Indonesia as well as in The Middle Eastern countriest; second, fundamentalist group with a closed characteristics, who claimed that their group is right and others are wrong and even blasphemous. In addition, this group denied diversity and aimed of unification. Third, fundamentalist group that gain its influenced in particular Indonesian society like Hizb al-Tahrir of Indonesia.

Typologies of religious moderation implementation in several State Islamic Higher Education and Public Higher Education are an interesting subject to discuss. The typologies can demonstrate the road model of educational institutions in building nationality and diversity. This study aims to analyze the typologies of religious moderation practiced at PTKI and PTU with a focus on studies at the

This paper analyses how religious minorities in West Pasaman and Dharmasraya have been disturbed by the implementation of regional autonomy policies. By examining the church establishment and Islamic clothing enactment in the region as case studies, the paper shows that the conflicts between Muslims and Christians were caused by the discriminatory regional regulations against minority groups. This study uses an ethnographic approach, consisting of interviews and extensive observational research in the research site to collect the data. The article argues that the implementation of local government policies such as the very strict requirement to establish church and Islamic clothing regulations for students have negative impacts on the harmonious relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims in the region. Thus, local government officers should take into consideration minority and majority-group relationships in creating regional religious regulations. Penelitian ini menganalisa bagaimana kaum minoritas agama di Pasaman Barat dan Dharmasraya terusik dengan implementasi kebijakan otonomi daerah. Dengan mengkaji aturan pendirian gereja dan busana Islami sebagai kasusnya, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa konflik yang terjadi antara Muslim dan Kristen di daerah tersebut disebabkan karena regulasi otonomi daerah yang bersipat diskriminatif bagi kalangan kaum minoritas. Studi ini menggunakan metode etnografi dengan menggunakan wawancara dan observasi yang ekstensif di lokasi penelitian sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Peneliti berargumen bahwa penerapan kebijakan pemerintahan lokal seperti ketatnya persyaratan membangun rumah ibadah (gereja) dan aturan kewajiban memakai busana Islam bagi pelajar mempunyai implikasi negatif terhadap hubungan antara Muslim dan non-Muslim di daerah tersebut. Karenanya, pemerintah daerah harus berhati hati dan mempertimbangkan hubungan kelompok minoritas-mayoritas dalam membuat aturan daerah yang berhubungan dengan agama.

AbstrakSeiring (al-Maqru').[Along with the strengthening of secular-nationalist ideology post-independence,

Several Islamic higher education institutions have allegedly been exposed to radicalism, which is seen from the emergence of intolerant understanding, extremism, and involvement in terrorism. This study explores the efforts to prevent radicalism by implementing academic policies at State Islamic Higher Education based on experiences at IAIN Bukittinggi, UIN Jakarta, UIN Malang, and IAIN Tulungagung. It employed an ethnographic research method that collected the data through in-depth interviews, extensive observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. The results show that efforts to prevent radicalism were evidenced in the application of general policies of religious moderation in the curriculum and various campus community activities, introduction of campus mottos, tightening of students' selection system, orientation to campus life for new students, strengthening the academic atmosphere, and strengthening students' hard skills, abilities, and soft skills. These show that Islamic higher institutions are actively invloved in the eradication of religious radicalization.