Abstract:. Problem solving is one of ways to develop higher order thinking skills. Strategy of problem solving that can be developed in mathematics learning is Polya's strategy. This study aims to analyze the problem solving difficulties of elementary school students based on Polya strategy. To support this research,descriptive analysis is used on seven elementary school students . The results show that, the difficulty of mathematical problems solving of elementary school students consist of the difficulty of understanding the problem, determining the mathematical formula/concepts that is used, making connections between mathematical concepts, and reviewing the correctness of answers with questions. These happened because the problem presented is in a story problem, that is rarely studied by the students. Students usually solve mathematical problems in a form of routine questions, which only require answers in a form of algorithmic calculations. Abstrak: Pemecahan masalah adalah salah satu cara dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Salah satu strategi pemecahan masalah yang dapat dikembangkan pada pembelajaran matematik adalah strategi Polya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kesulitan pemecahan masalah siswa sekolah dasar berdasarkan strategi Polya. Untuk mendukung penelitian ini digunakan analisis deskriptif pada tujuh orang siswa sekolah dasar. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa, kesulitan pemecahan masalah matematik siswa sekolah dasar meliputi, kesulitan memahami masalah, menentukan rumus/konsep matematik yang digunakan, membuat koneksi antar konsep matematika, dan melihat kembali kebenaran jawaban dengan soal. Hal tersebut disebabkan, masalah yang disajikan berupa soal cerita yang jarang dipelajari siswa. Siswa biasanya menyelesaikan masalah matematik berupa soal rutin, yang hanya menuntut jawaban berupa perhitungan algoritmik.

Reading literacy is the main key on develop knowledge. Reading literacy in elementary schools was developed through the implementation of the school literacy movement. The literacy activities are carried out as evidence of the implementation of the school literacy movement. This study aims to describe the implementation of reading literacy activity and read aloud in elementary schools. The research method used was descriptive qualitative through data collection based on a questionnaire and documentation study at ten elementary schools in Majalengka. The results show that literacy activities have been implemented in primary schools, although they have not been routinely carried out. Reading literacy methods used include read aloud, review, alphabetical methods, and reading comprehension. There are schools that have used read aloud as an effort to increase the reading literacy of elementary school students. Generally teachers in schools do not yet know the read aloud and its implementation. Training is needed for teachers to developing literacy activities in primary schools, so that could optimizing literacy activities through the use of various reading strategies.

This research was conducted to determine the increase in concept mastery of primary school students' teaching material through the use of media kits of science for kids. The research method used was quasiexperimental research using the matching only pretest and posttest control group design. The learning process uses the media kit of science for kids and the traditional learning media is used as a comparison. Learning takes place during four meetings, each learning process is carried out observing the implementation of learning activities. Research subjects were 55 students consisting of 28 students using the media kit of science for kids and 27 students with traditional learning media. The research instrument uses multiple-choice tests for concept mastery. The data analysis technique used n-gain mean data and non-parametric test t-test. The value of n-gain in class with a kit of science for kids media is 0.47 while in class with traditional learning media is 0.26. The results showed that an increased understanding of the material using the kit of science for kids was higher than students who received traditional learning media.

Mathematical communication is one of the important abilities for students to face the challenges in this era. The fact-based on the preliminary study conducted by researchers on students in elementary school showed that most students find difficulties in communicating mathematical ideas. The present study is aimed to describe whether the improvement of mathematical communication ability of students who learn through project-based learning using mind map technique is better than the improvement of mathematical communication ability of students who learn through project-based learning without mind map technique. This study used a quasi-experiment using a non-equivalent group design. Sixty-three students of one of the elementary schools in Bandung city were taken as subjects of this study. The instrument of this study used mathematical communication test. The data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics. The result showed that the improvement of mathematical communication ability of students who learn through project-based learning using mind map technique is better than the improvement of mathematical communication ability of students who learn through project-based learning without mind map technique.

This study aims to describe enhancement of mathematical creative thinking abilities in fifth grade elementary school student through open-ended approach based on metacognitive, open-ended, and direct instruction. The method of this study was quasi experiment with pretest posttest design. Enhancement of mathematical creative thinking ability students that learning with open-ended approach based on metacognitive better than students that learning with open-ended and direct instruction. It was caused, in the open-ended approach based on metacognitive students encourage to think divergent. So they could find various alternative solution to solve the problem. In the other hand, using metacognitive strategy in the open-ended approach could make student to think conscious and deeply about how to solve the problem. Therefore students could know their known and made meaningful learning.