Diabetes mellitus can affect spermatogenesis at various levels, which can cause male-factor infertility.

Background -Back pain is a common complaint and is acknowledged as an important socioeconomic and health problem. Low back ache (LBA) not only leads to poor quality of life for individuals all over the world but also leads to decreased productivity. Objective -This study was taken up with the aim to establish the prevalence of LBA in women of reproductive age group. In addition, correlation of LBA with overweight, reproductive factors, like age at marriage, marriage duration, past pregnancy, number of children or abortions, and posture during working were evaluated. Materials and Methods -It was one year prospective study on working women in reproductive age group (18-49 years) who presented in the out patient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. They were interviewed through questionnaire after obtaining an informed consent. Statistical analysis of data was done by proportions and tests of significance. Results -The prevalence of LBA was 57.7%. The symptoms of LBA were more among women who were married after 30 years of age (62%), had more ≥2 deliveries (60.6%) and had ≥2 abortions (78.8%). Prevalence of LBA was more among women with BMI ≥30 and who worked in sitting posture for > 3 hours. Conclusion -Prevalence of LBA in working women in reproductive age group is high. There is correlation between LBA and age at marriage, past pregnancy (including previous deliveries and abortions), obesity and posture while working. Thus attention must be paid to weight control, posture while working and time duration at work place.

AIMS:To compare the efficacy of itraconazole 200mg twice for one day and fluconazole 150mg single dose in the treatment of acute vulvovaginal candidiasis. METHODS: The study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, K.P.C. Medical College & Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata, from August 2011 to July 2012 on 80 women with clinical and mycological diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Diagnosis was based on history, clinical examination and relevant investigations. The women were divided into two equal groups. After initial assessment, Group 1 was treated with capsule itraconazole 200mg twice for one day, and Group 2 with capsule fluconazole 150mg single dose. They were assessed clinically for cure and relapse on day 7 and 21 respectively. RESULTS: The overall clinical evaluation showed 70% (n=28) cure rate with itraconazole and 50% (n=20) with fluconazole. In Group-1, 9 (22.5%) and in Group-2, 10 (25%) showed some improvement, while 3 (7.5%) in Group 1, and 10 (25%) in Group 2 failed to respond. At the 7th day follow up, Clinical success rates (cure and improvement) were 92.5% in the itraconazole group and 75% in the fluconazole group (P <0.05). Relapse was observed in 5 (18%) and 8 (40%) of the cured cases in Group 1 and Group 2 respectively on day 21. CONCLUSION: Itraconazole was found to be more effective in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis compared to fluconazole with high cure and low relapse rate.

Gestational trophoblastic disease encompasses several entities like complete mole, partial mole, invasive mole, gestational trophoblastic carcinoma and trophoblastic carcinoma from implantation site. These entities are different from each other by their origin, morphology, their evolution and their treatment. Among all components, partial mole is very common (90%) and triploid genetically. This is one of the important causative factors of miscarriages. Very rarely (2-4%) partial mole can develop into invasive one presenting with features of incomplete abortion, missed abortion and sometimes as obstetric emergencies like intraperitoneal hemorrhage and torrential vaginal bleeding. So, proper diagnosis and timely intervention can prevent mortality and reduce morbidity of the patients. Here we report two such cases of partial invasive molar pregnancies with varied picture.

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