In the postpartum period women are vulnerable to unintended pregnancy, which may lead to legal or illegal abortion and impact on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although several postpartum family planning options are available, lack of access to and availability of family planning services and trained staff pose serious challenges. Peripheral centers may not have a doctor; however, they will have nursing staff that can be trained to offer family planning counselling and services. The present study demonstrates how task sharing with nurses to provide postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) services worked to give women a convenient and safe contraceptive method. PPIUD insertion provides women the additional advantage of leaving hospital with appropriate long-term contraception after institutional delivery, and also decreases the costs borne by patients and the government. This approach also impacts maternal and newborn health by avoiding unwanted pregnancy.

Background -Back pain is a common complaint and is acknowledged as an important socioeconomic and health problem. Low back ache (LBA) not only leads to poor quality of life for individuals all over the world but also leads to decreased productivity. Objective -This study was taken up with the aim to establish the prevalence of LBA in women of reproductive age group. In addition, correlation of LBA with overweight, reproductive factors, like age at marriage, marriage duration, past pregnancy, number of children or abortions, and posture during working were evaluated. Materials and Methods -It was one year prospective study on working women in reproductive age group (18-49 years) who presented in the out patient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. They were interviewed through questionnaire after obtaining an informed consent. Statistical analysis of data was done by proportions and tests of significance. Results -The prevalence of LBA was 57.7%. The symptoms of LBA were more among women who were married after 30 years of age (62%), had more ≥2 deliveries (60.6%) and had ≥2 abortions (78.8%). Prevalence of LBA was more among women with BMI ≥30 and who worked in sitting posture for > 3 hours. Conclusion -Prevalence of LBA in working women in reproductive age group is high. There is correlation between LBA and age at marriage, past pregnancy (including previous deliveries and abortions), obesity and posture while working. Thus attention must be paid to weight control, posture while working and time duration at work place.

Background:Maternal mortality reflects the quality of obstetric services given to pregnant women in the community.Objectives:The objectives of this study were to calculate the maternal mortality rate in a teaching institution, to assess the epidemiological aspects of maternal mortality, and to assess the different causes of maternal mortality.Materials and Methods:This was a retrospective study where individual records of all maternal deaths occurring in our hospital during the past 6 years from 2009 to 2014 were studied. The cause of death and the factors which led to death in each individual case were analyzed.Results:A total of 105 maternal deaths occurred during the study period. The mean maternal mortality ratio in the study period was 233/100,000 live births. Most maternal deaths (37.14%) occurred in the age group of 20–24 years, multiparous women (74.28%) and in women from rural areas (70.47%). Most of the women were unbooked or unregistered patients (64.76%), and 40.95% cases were referred cases. Direct causes accounted for 90.47% of maternal deaths whereas 9.52% of maternal deaths were due to indirect causes. Hemorrhage (26.6%) and eclampsia (27.6%) were the major direct causes of maternal deaths.Conclusion:There is scope for improvement as a large proportion of the observed deaths are preventable. Improving the rural health centers, upgrading the referral centers, and proper transport system is the need of the hour.

Complementary Indicatorsa) Effect of the drug on the foetus (Low birth Weight, Foetal distree, IUGR, death) b) category and safety of prescribed drugs.

Background: The anaesthetic technique to be used in Caesarean section is determined according to factors such as urgency, presence of coexisting health problems, preference of patient and preference and experience of the anaesthetist and surgeon.Methods: This is a retrospective study of all the caesarean deliveries that occurred in the period between 1st Jan 2010 to 31st Dec 2017 in the department of obstetrics and Gynaecology in Silchar Medical College. The anaesthesia techniques used for caesarean sections were evaluated in this study. Anaesthesia methods were recorded as general anaesthesia (GA) and regional anaesthesia (RA), and RA was classified into spinal anaesthesia (SA), epidural anaesthesia (EA) and combined spinal epidural anaesthesia (CSEA) subgroups.Results: During the study period a total of 75685 patients delivered and 25805 patients had undergone caesarean section. The caesarean section rate at the institution comes to be around 34.1%. Among the indications, it was observed that foetal distress (32.8%) was the commonest cause followed by post caesarean pregnancy (26.76%). The majority of the CS (75.6%) were done as an emergency procedure. Regional anaesthesia was the most frequently used method both in emergency (92.87%) and elective caesarean section (84.21%). SA was the commonest used RA (89.2%).Conclusions: In recent years, the rate of regional anaesthesia administration in caesarean section is gradually increasing, and the spinal anaesthesia technique is the mostly preferred regional anaesthesia. There is need to explore the use of the other forms of regional anaesthesia also.